Research & Trials

AI model predicts over 130 health conditions from overnight sleep recordings years before symptom onset

A Stanford Medicine study published in Nature Medicine demonstrated an AI model capable of analyzing overnight sleep polysomnography recordings to predict the risk of over 130 health conditions — including cardiac, neurological, and respiratory disorders — often years before clinical symptoms appear...

Closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation adjusts in real time to neural signatures in Parkinson's disease

Multiple research sites in 2026 are advancing closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, where the device reads neural signatures in real time and adjusts stimulation parameters automatically. This approach reduces side effects and improves motor control compared to conventional continuous DBS...

Home-based transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation reduces anxiety severity and improves heart rate variability in generalized anxiety disorder

A feasibility study published in June 2026 investigated home-based transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder. Participants using daily 30-minute taVNS sessions showed significant reductions in clinician-rated anxiety severity and improvements in heart rate variability metrics over 8 weeks...

NEUSLeeP wearable ultrasound patch accelerates REM sleep onset by 43 minutes without medication

Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin developed NEUSLeeP, a wearable patch using transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation with integrated EEG electrodes. Published in Nature Communications, the study showed the device helped participants reach REM sleep 43 minutes faster and extended REM duration by 16 minutes...

Single 25mg psilocybin dose produces sustained depression relief in public healthcare setting

A randomized controlled trial published in Nature Medicine demonstrated that a single 25mg dose of psilocybin paired with psychological support led to sustained reductions in depressive symptoms in a public healthcare setting — the first large-scale evidence of psilocybin efficacy outside private clinical infrastructure...

RECOVER trial demonstrates implanted vagus nerve stimulation provides sustained two-year depression relief

Major findings from the RECOVER trial published in early 2026 show that implanted vagus nerve stimulation provides sustained, long-lasting improvements in depressive symptoms, quality of life, and daily functioning in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Most responders maintained or improved gains over at least two years...

Time-resolved autonomic modeling reveals adaptation and recovery dynamics during repeated cold water immersion

A 2026 study introduced a novel time-resolved modeling framework to separate residual autonomic effects from stimulus-specific responses during repeated cold water immersion. Findings showed measurable physiological adaptation with subsequent exposures and quantified recovery time dynamics...

VA PIVOT Trial launches psilocybin intervention for veterans with treatment-resistant depression and PTSD

The Department of Veterans Affairs has launched the PIVOT trial — Psilocybin Intervention for Veterans Overcoming Treatment-Resistant Depression — a multisite randomized controlled study partnering with Compass Pathways to enroll at least 240 veterans with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid PTSD through 2031...

Sleep EEG Reveals "Brain Age" That Predicts Dementia Risk — JAMA Network Open Study of 7,000 Adults

First Comprehensive Anatomical Map of the Human Vagus Nerve — 200,000 Fibers Mapped Across 30 Donors

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound guided by real-time EEG default mode network signatures reduces depression severity

This first-in-human trial tested a closed-loop system that automatically adjusts transcranial focused ultrasound intensity based on real-time EEG signatures of default mode network activity in 38 patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Slow diaphragmatic breathing enhances glymphatic clearance measured by DTI-ALPS index in aging adults

This study used DTI-ALPS index to measure glymphatic function before and after 8 weeks of daily slow diaphragmatic breathing training (6 breaths/min, 20 min/day) in 56 healthy adults aged 50-70.

Vagal tone recovery kinetics after acute cold water immersion predict long-term autonomic resilience in healthy adults

This prospective cohort study examined heart rate variability recovery dynamics following standardized cold water immersion (10°C, 3 minutes) in 142 healthy adults over 12 weeks of regular cold exposure training.

Delivery Model Matters for Digital Interventions in Pain Self-Management: Mixed Methods Study

Digital health interventions can improve access to and outreach of evidence-based support for people living with chronic pain. How best to deliver such interventions remains unclear, however, and although guided or blended care models show promise, d...

Late-onset and functional hypogonadism in aging men: an integrated perspective on hormonal, sleep, and metabolic dimensions

Male reproductive aging is characterized by gradual hormonal and metabolic deterioration, often described as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) or \"andropause\". However, these terms remain controversial and insufficient to capture the multifaceted nature...

Rescue deep brain stimulation for recurrent essential tremor after ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy: illustrative cases

Medication-refractory essential tremor (ET) patients who undergo MR-guided focused ultrasound or Gamma Knife thalamotomy may experience tremor recurrence, prompting rescue deep brain stimulation (DBS). Yet, the impact of prior ventral intermediate nu...

Beyond seizures: understanding adaptive functioning in drug-resistant epilepsy in patients undergoing palliative surgery

To evaluate clinical predictors of adaptive functioning in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and the impact of corpus callosotomy and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) during long-ter...

Bidirectional crosstalk between TRP channels and Toll-like receptors in inflammation and host defense

Integrating physicochemical environmental cues with pathogen detection is essential for an effective and balanced host defense. While Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), transient receptor potential (TRP)...

Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the right DLPFC modulates central executive network connectivity in depression: exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Previous studies suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation exerts antidepressant effects and is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC), but the neural correlates remain unclear. This exploratory sham-controlled trial investi...

Emerging pharmacological and neuromodulation interventions for suicidal ideation and behaviour

Suicide remains a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Current treatments are limited by delayed onset, durability, or poor tolerability. This narrative review, informed by a structured literature search, summarises the last decade of evid...

Meta-analytic evidence for distinct neural correlates of conditioned versus verbally induced placebo analgesia

Placebo analgesia demonstrates that belief and expectation can significantly alter pain, even without active treatment. Placebo analgesia can be induced through verbal suggestion, classical conditioning, or their combination, though the role of condi...

Mobile Apps for Heart Rate Variability: App Store Search and Content Analysis

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive indicator of autonomic nervous system activity that is increasingly used for health and performance monitoring. Digital and mobile technologies are increasingly providing opportunities for remote HRV moni...

Repetitive neuronal activation regulates cellular maturation state via nuclear reprogramming

Neural stimulation, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is highly effective clinical intervention for a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. Howe...

Targeting Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: Emerging Natural and Synthetic Therapeutic Strategies

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. It is associated with the ongoing degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies that contain α-synuclein...

The gut-brain axis in Ganoderma lucidum's antidepressant effects in cancer comorbidity: A review

Depression is a common and serious comorbidity in cancer patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes and reduced quality of life. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated as a pathogenic factor, potentially driving depressive symptoms...

The write-cost bottleneck: energy constraints on continual learning in brains and machines

In recent decades, neural energy-budget research has extensively quantified signaling costs-the \"read\" side of computation-including action potentials, synaptic transmission, and ionic homeostasis. Yet the metabolic cost of learning itself remains fa...

A delayed endothelial-glial mechanism for CGRP-induced migraine

CGRP is a key mediator in migraine and an important component of trigeminovascular signaling in primary headache disorders. Yet how CGRP induces delayed migraine-like pain after systemic infusion remains unresolved. Despite strong clinical and experi...

Acute neuromodulatory effects of 1 Hz rTMS on the central autonomic network in depression: A concurrent TMS-fMRI study

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with significant autonomic dysregulation and dysfunction of the central autonomic network (CAN), comprised of cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in autonomic modulation. Repetitive transcrani...

Almonds and their impact on mental health and the gut-brain axis in adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 12-week randomized controlled trial

Almonds contain dietary fiber, micronutrients and phytochemicals that have been implicated in the regulation of the gut-brain axis and mental health. To investigate the effect of whole almonds on mental health and the gut-brain axis, compared to an i...

Conformational plasticity of human acid-sensing ion channel 1a

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are typically activated by acidic environments and contribute to nociception and synaptic plasticity. ASIC1a is the most abundant subunit in the central nervous system and forms homomeric channels permeable to Na+ an...

Effectiveness of intermittent hypoxia on muscle recovery in rats: A systematic review

The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence from animal models on the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH), cold exposure, and their combinations, with or without exercise, on skeletal muscle recovery after fatigue or injury. T...

New Trial: Effects of Accelerated rTMS on Cognitive Function

Cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia, is a growing public health challenge with limited effective treatment options. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation te...

Efficacy and EEG-ECG mechanisms of taVNS combined with TEAS for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (NSS) represent a core feature of the disorder associated with substantial disease burden and poor functional prognosis, yet current therapeutic options remain limited. Given this unmet clinical need, we will explor...

Enteric-colonized Cronobacter spp. can disrupt the central nervous system without translocation across the host barriers

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen known to cause severe neonatal infections. However, its subclinical effects on human health remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that intestinal colonization by Cronobacter is potenti...

New Trial: Natural History of Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Suicide Risk

Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, are difficult to treat. One reason is that there are no objective ways to measure how these disorders affect the body and respond to different treatments. In this study, researchers want to per...

Negative psychological and behavioral effects associated with wearable devices in cardiovascular patients: a scoping review with implications for nursing assessment and patient education

Wearable devices are increasingly used in cardiovascular rehabilitation, rhythm monitoring, and long-term self-management. Although clinical benefits have been widely discussed, less attention has been paid to potential negative psychological and beh...

Next-Generation Neuromodulation for Anxiety: Circuit-Based and Personalized Approaches

We provide an update on the current psychiatric research for DBS and TMS and what the field has learned about causal circuitry implicated in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. Recent refinement of DBS and TMS techniques have both improved their s...

Oral Medicinal Cannabis Does Not Alter Plasma Levels of Endocannabinoid-Related N-Acylethanolamines in Fibromyalgia Patients: Findings from a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) involves central sensitization and possible endocannabinoid system dysfunction, with medicinal cannabis increasingly investigated as a treatment. We assessed whether chronic oral 1:1 THC:CBD alters plasma endocannabinoid-r...

New Trial: Outpatient Buprenorphine Induction With Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder

This study will examine the effect of a single high dose of psilocybin therapy (30 mg) versus a very low dose (1 mg) as an adjunctive therapy to individuals undergoing standard-of-care outpatient buprenorphine treatment for Opioid use disorder (OUD)....

Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

Despite the continued absence of a definitive biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), research over the last three decades has identified a wide range of underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. Peripheral mechanisms include gastrointestina...

Photoplethysmography-derived Heart Rate Variability as a Marker of Physiological Stress in Korean American Home Care Workers Providing Dementia Care

This pilot study explored the longitudinal relationship between daily dementia caregiving and physiological stress, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV) measured using a wearable device, among Korean American home care workers (HCWs). Fiftee...

Silence is golden: Documenting the speech production of participants and support providers in psilocybin administration sessions for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

When administered alongside monitoring and support, psilocybin has shown promise in the treatment of multiple psychiatric conditions. However, the contribution and nature of participant support in the context of psychedelic trials are much debated. W...

Targeting the leptin-ghrelin axis for obesity management: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic approaches

Endocrine hormones ghrelin and leptin play opposing roles in regulating appetite, energy homeostasis and body weight. Dysregulation of these hormones contributes significantly to the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This nar...

The Mediating Role of Pain Catastrophizing in Functioning and Mental Health for Youth With Pain-predominant Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

This study aimed to identify if pain catastrophizing is a mediator between pain intensity and functioning (functional disability and sleep), as well as mental health (anxiety and depression) in patients with pain-predominant disorders of gut-brain in...

The role of Vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia - A case series

To study the effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM, previously known as Jeavons Syndrome). EEM is an epilepsy syndrome characterized by eyelid myoclonia, eyelid closure-induced generalized...

New Trial: Tolerability of MDMA in Schizophrenia

Impaired social motivation, or \"asociality,\" is a negative symptom of schizophrenia (SCZ) and a cause of significant functional impairment in the illness. Whereas many symptoms of schizophrenia can be treated with antipsychotic medications, deficits...

α6GABAA receptor-selective positive allosteric modulator as a novel therapy for fibromyalgia: A proof-of-concept study in mice modeling chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain

Fibromyalgia, a chronic pain disorder mainly due to central sensitization, remains an unmet medical need, as available treatments provide limited efficacy and are frequently associated with dose-limiting adverse effects. We previously developed pyraz...

A population of primary afferent sensory neurons mediates pain relief through nocifensive coping behavior in mice

When exposed to noxious cutaneous stimuli, animals exhibit nocifensive behaviors, including rapid defensive reflexes that limit tissue damage and subsequent coping behaviors-most commonly licking of the affected area-that alleviate pain. Despite its...

Beyond Aging, Sex and Insomnia Disorder Shape NREM Brain Oscillations

Chronic insomnia disorder (INS) is particularly prevalent in older adults and females. Sex- and age-related differences in neurophysiological markers of sleep quality (sleep spindles and slow-wave activity [SWA]) may underlie differential vulnerabili...

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on wound healing and post-extraction pain management of primary molars: a randomized controlled clinical trial

In pediatric patients, tooth extraction frequently results in unpleasant postoperative complications, including pain, inflammation, and bleeding. These painful experiences contribute to a child's anxiety, which may reduce his compliance with subseque...

Effects of audio guided loving kindness meditation on psychological well being and laboratory stress responsiveness in healthy university students

This study investigated the efficacy of a two-week online audio-guided loving-kindness meditation (LKM) program compared with mindfulness meditation (MF) and an active control (AC) group in a healthy university population. The study consisted of an o...

Hepatic Bmal1 alleviates cholestasis in female mice through direct regulation of SULT2A1

Disruption of bile acid (BA) homeostasis and circadian rhythm are interconnected in chronic liver diseases, yet how circadian dysfunction exacerbates cholestasis remains unclear. This study demonstrates that hepatocyte-specific knockout of the core c...

New Trial: Home-Based Brain Stimulation for Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of a 6-month, home-based personalized transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) intervention targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on cognitive function, dual task standing and...

Insomnia severity modifies diary-based sleep-continuity and sleep-initiation associations with next-day daytime HRV in a real-world wearable dataset

This study examined whether baseline insomnia severity modifies within-person associations of diary-based sleep-continuity and sleep-initiation metrics with next-day daytime heart rate variability (HRV) in a wearable-based dataset. We conducted a sec...

Long-term benefits of ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic lateral elbow pain: a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the mid- and long-term benefits of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied to the radial nerve, combined with exercise, in patients with chronic lateral elbow pain, focusing on pain intensity, pain-related disability, psychologi...

New Trial: Neurobiology of Suicide

"Background:

Plant-derived Natural Products in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms of Action and Synergistic Roles with Probiotics

Plant-derived natural products have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for neurological and psychiatric disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds and multi-target mechanisms of action. This review provides a mechanistic overview of medi...

Promotive effects of 830-nm Photobiomodulation on corneal epithelial wound healing and rho-gtpase expression in a rat alkali burn model

Corneal injuries can lead to permanent damage that disrupts the integrity of the cornea and impairs vision. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapy that uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate biological processes, leading to a ran...

Synergy and Synchrony Between Beta-Theta Neurofeedback, Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback and Breathwork Via Continuous Feedback in Improving Reaction Time

Recently, the applied psychophysiology community has started to investigate the effectiveness of combining neurofeedback and biofeedback interventions. The training triad of beta-theta neurofeedback, heart rate variability biofeedback, and box-breath...

Treatment-characteristic brain structural changes in depression: A multi-center longitudinal observational study

The neurobiological correlates of remission/recovery in depression remain unclear, particularly across treatments. We investigated temporal gray matter volume (GMV) changes across four modalities: antidepressant medication (ADM), cognitive behavioral...

Unveiling the sumatriptan dose-relief relationship

This article aims to correlate the pharmacokinetic parameters of sumatriptan to the percentage of patients experiencing relief after two hours. Using data from the literature, a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model is developed to compute the concen...

Winter climate change in the boreal forest-what does it mean for the forest tree seedlings?

Winter physiological processes are often overlooked in climate change studies of boreal forests, despite their critical role in determining tree survival and carbon balance. Winter climate change is reshaping the environmental constraints that govern...

Acceptability and safety of two sequential doses of psilocybin in bipolar II depression: protocol for an open-label single-arm feasibility study

Bipolar II disorder (BD-II) is characterised by hypomanic and depressive episodes with the latter tending to dominate the clinical course of the disorder, and they are often associated with suicidality. Despite available guideline-based recommendatio...

New Trial: ACP-211 Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder With Inadequate Antidepressant Response

"The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if ACP-211 can help treat adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have not improved with antidepressant therapy (ADT), including those with treatment resistant depression (TRD).

An acetylated nobiletin derivative alleviates methylglyoxal-induced cognitive impairment and modulates gut microbiota

Nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxyflavone recognized as a functional food component with diverse health benefits, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbony...

Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Chronic Pain: New Longitudinal Evidence

A longitudinal study reveals that sleep disturbances and chronic pain amplify each other in a vicious cycle, with poor sleep predicting next-day pain increases and pain predicting subsequent sleep disruption.

Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Sudden Cardiac Death in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Implications and Considerations for Care

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is traditionally viewed as a motor neuron disease that progresses from muscular weakness to respiratory failure and death. Increasing evidence, however, demonstrates clinically meaningful involvement of the autonom...

Cortisol as a stress biomarker: analytical perspectives and challenges

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as a transformative approach in modern healthcare for the rapid detection of physiological abnormalities through minimally or non-invasively collected samples. Biological matrices such as saliva, urine, hair,...

Crosstalk between sleep disorders and adipokine secretory profiles: novel mechanisms for metabolic disease risk

Sleep disorders-including sleep deprivation, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and circadian rhythm disruption-and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes represent major, interconnected public health challenges. This review aims to synth...

New Trial: Developing Transcranial Neuromodulation Protocols for Learning and Decision-Making

"Background:

[Difference of autonomic responses to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation between high-altitude and low-altitude populations]

To compare the difference of autonomic responses to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) between high-altitude and low-altitude populations, explore the characteristics of neural response under the background of high altitude hypo...

Distinguishing psychomimetic from antidepressant-like effects in mice using molecular and electrophysiological biomarkers

Ketamine exerts rapid, long-lasting antidepressant effects after a single administration and thus overcomes the limitations of classic drugs, but also induces psychomimetic effects. It is, therefore, essential to delve deeper into its mechanisms of a...

Dorsal horn DCC amplification loop induced by endplate osteoclasts generates chronic nociplastic low back pain in male mice

Spine degeneration is associated with low back pain (LBP), a major cause of disability and functional decline. However, effective therapies for non-specific LBP remain limited because its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show tha...

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride Nasal Spray on Anxiety and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery

BACKGROUND Postoperative sleep disturbances are common after gynecological laparoscopic surgery, possibly delaying recovery. This study evaluated whether additional postoperative administration of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride nasal spray could impro...

New Trial: Effect of Psilocybin and Structured Integrated Reframing Therapy on Gut-Brain Axis Biomarkers and Depression in Major Depressive Disorder

Trauma-related Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is frequently associated with poor response to conventional antidepressants, persistent psychological distress, and alterations in gut-brain axis function. Existing assessment tools primarily diagnose de...

Effects of a five-day evening smartphone restriction on sleep, cognitive, and physical performance in university students: A single-arm repeated measures study stratified by nomophobia

Evening smartphone use disrupts circadian rhythms and recovery through exposure to blue light and cognitive hyperarousal. Nomophobia: fear of smartphone separation: may limit the effectiveness of digital restriction interventions. To determine the ef...

New Trial: Effects of rTMS on Food Choice in Anorexia Nervosa

This study will examine the impact of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on food choice behavior and related neural activity....

Evaluation of the effectiveness of multidimensional nursing interventions on post-caesarean section abdominal distension

To investigate the efficacy of a multidimensional nursing intervention combining Zusanli massage with psychological counselling and breathing exercises in alleviating post-caesarean section abdominal distension, 120 women who underwent caesarean sect...

Human intracranial signal stability tracks anatomical accuracy after electrode reimplantation

Objective.Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for neuropsychiatric disorders increasingly relies on patient personalized approaches. One strategy to identify viable targets for personalized stimulation and biomarker detection uses a temporary, inpatient ste...

In situ detection of methyl jasmonate using plant-wearable sensors to quantify genotype-dependent herbivory resistance

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant responses to herbivory and environmental stress. While conventional analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, provide high accuracy, their application is oft...

Is There More to Magic Mushrooms than Psilocybin? Emerging Research on Non-Psilocybin Compounds

New research explores whether the therapeutic effects of magic mushrooms extend beyond psilocybin alone, examining the roles of baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and other naturally occurring alkaloids in the psychedelic experience.

New Trial: Mechanism of Non-invasive Magnetic Stimulation

"Background:

New Trial: Mechanistic Studies of Psilocybin in Headache Disorders

In previous clinical trial work, the investigators observed lasting reductions in headache burden after limited dosing of psilocybin. This purpose of this study is to examine potential sources for this observed effect. This study will measure brain r...

Optical Ministroke Reveals Dual-Role Frontal Thalamocortical Networks in Sleep Quality and Memory

Nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) is a critical physiological state supporting neural plasticity, memory consolidation, and functional recovery after brain injury. It is characterized by thalamocortical slow-wave (SW) activity (0.5-4 Hz) and spindl...

Proportional-Integral Controller-Based Deep Brain Stimulation Strategy for Parkinson's Disease

A new closed-loop deep brain stimulation strategy using proportional-integral control demonstrates improved symptom management in Parkinson's disease by dynamically adjusting stimulation based on neural biomarkers.

Rewiring reward in addiction: a systematic review of human evidence for deep brain stimulation and lesion approaches in substance use disorders

Neurosurgical modulation of reward circuitry has been explored for severe, treatment-refractory substance use disorders (SUDs), yet the human literature remains fragmented across targets, modalities, and outcomes, limiting target selection and future...

New Trial: taVNS or TMS or Both for Depression

The purpose of the research is to test out a combined treatment for depression where the investigators stimulate a nerve in the ear while at the same time stimulate the brain with magnets. These treatments are called transcutaneous (through the skin)...

The Israeli IBD Research Nucleus: collaborative advancements in Israeli IBD research

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasing worldwide, requiring multidisciplinary care and coordinated research infrastructures. Leveraging Israel's integrated healthcare system with IBD centers of specific and complementary research expertise,...

Transcranial focused ultrasound for emotion regulation: A systematic review and quantitative summary of human studies

Emotion regulation is a core transdiagnostic process in mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. While existing non-invasive brain stimulation approaches, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation...

Two-Year Retention of Benefits After Paired Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Stroke: Follow-Up of the VNS-REHAB Randomized Clinical Trial

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation improves short-term upper extremity (UE) function in people with chronic ischemic stroke. Because sustained improvements are needed for people with stroke, we examined the long-term effects of...

New Trial: Working Mechanisms and Effectiveness of IV Ketamine-assisted Psychotherapy on Depression in TRD Clients

Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) is an innovative treatment that combines intravenous ketamine with psychotherapy in a carefully monitored clinical setting. At Senz, this treatment is being evaluated in an open-label clinical trial for individua...

A myth: orthopedic implant pain in cold weather

In daily practice, patients with orthopaedic implants complain of implant pain and cold sensation in the implant area in cold weather. The aim of this study is to obtain clearer information by comparing the effect of cold weather on orthopaedic impla...

Bidirectional communication between neurons in the mesentery and ileal myenteric neurons

The intestinal mesentery has been recently classified as a new organ and contains various cell types including adipocytes, preadipocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. In addition, neuronal cell bodies are found in the small intestinal mesent...

Circadian rhythm disruption and multiple sclerosis: The role of affective symptoms and temperamental traits

Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are common clinical features in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and related demyelinating conditions. Affective symptoms may shape vulnerability to circadian dysregulation. This pilot cross-sectional stud...

New Trial: Combining rTMS & Aerobic Exercise to Treat Depression and Improve Post-Stroke Walking

Investigators primary aim is to carry out a two-site, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase II trial to systematically examine the potential for aerobic exercise (AEx) to enhance the anti-depressant benefits of rTMS in individuals with pos...

Effect of 810-nm diode laser photobiomodulation on the reversal of maxillary and mandibular soft tissue local anaesthesia in children: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial

This randomized split-mouth clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of 810-nm diode laser photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in accelerating reversal of maxillary and mandibular soft tissue local anaesthesia in children. Forty children aged 4-9 yea...

[Effect of electroacupuncture on chronic pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis and its influence on central sensitization]

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to investigate its influence on serum biomarkers related to central sensitization. Ninety patients with chronic pain...

Enteroendocrine cells wire the gut-brain vagal axis

The vagal sensory nervous system plays important roles in mediating gut-brain communication and maintaining physiological homeostasis. Although recent research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the function of vagal sensory neurons, little is...

MEG-informed navigated TMS for individualized speech cortical mapping

Speech cortical mapping by means of navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SCM nrTMS) provides neurosurgeons with noninvasive prior information about individuals cortical speech network. Individualized mapping is required, since the...

Sleep-Related Alzheimer's Disease Vulnerability in Aging: A Muscle-Metabolic Perspective

Sleep disruption is a hallmark of aging and a plausible driver of Alzheimer's disease vulnerability. Reduced slow-wave sleep, increased fragmentation, and circadian instability may facilitate amyloid-β accumulation, tau propagation, neuroinflam...

Brain-targeted epigenetic effects of two emerging psychoplastogens: ketamine & MDMA

Psychoplastogen compounds such as ketamine and MDMA have shown therapeutic promise for mood and trauma-related disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects remain poorly understood. Here, we applied a Brain-Epigenome-Wide Associat...

Differential Patterns of Brain Connectivity Alterations in Patients with Back Pain Chronification versus Recovery: A Resting-State FMRI Study

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have demonstrated that back pain, particularly chronic back pain, is associated with altered functional brain connectivity, especially in regions involved in the modulation of pain and emotion regulation....

Functional connectivity of the cognitive emotion regulation network in partially sleep-deprived individuals using an emotional arrows task: potential age-dependent effects

Sleep deprivation (SD) may lead to emotional dysregulation, a problem that may be influenced by aging. However, the specific neural mechanisms underlying this issue remain unclear. To address this, we investigated changes in functional connectivity (...

Habitual attentional mastication boosts prefrontal activity during chewing: A randomized trial

Masticatory exercise promotes systemic health and cognitive function. Although acute masticatory stimuli enhance prefrontal cortical activity, the effects of increased habitual chewing on cortical activity remain unclear. This study evaluated the eff...

Home-cage monitoring as a sensitive tool for detecting subtle behavioral alterations following mild traumatic brain injury

Home-cage monitoring (HCM) has emerged as a powerful approach for detecting subtle and context-dependent behavioral alterations in rodent models. In this mini-review, we integrate clinical observations and preclinical data from the closed-head weight...

Impaired emotion recognition is associated with sleep-related hypoxic burden

To identify predictors of emotion recognition performance from sleep metrics, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep architecture. Adults from the Icelandic population completed the Penn Emotion Recognition Task, assessing facial expressio...

Sociodemographic Factors, but Not Rurality, Explain Limited Variance in Fibromyalgia Severity: A Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials

Fibromyalgia is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and psychosocial impairments that collectively contribute to disease severity. This study aims to investigate the influence of living in rural versus urban settings...

The gut-sleep connection: a scoping review into microbiome alterations in sleep-wake and circadian disorders

Sleep is fundamental to brain, body, mental, and social health. In parallel, the gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of immune, metabolic, endocrine, and neurophysiological processes. This scoping review explored current evid...

The relationship between anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing in patients with knee osteoarthritis and their impact on functional disability: A cross-sectional study

Psychological distress, particularly anxiety and depression, is prevalent among KOA patients and may exacerbate functional disability through maladaptive cognitive processes such as pain catastrophizing. This study examined whether pain catastrophizi...

Universal Brain Receives FDA Clearance for Objective EEG-Based Mental Health Assessment

Universal Brain's UB ERP System becomes the first FDA-cleared platform to provide objective, rapid brain function measurements for psychiatric assessment — shifting mental health diagnosis from subjective questionnaires to data-driven biological markers.

AI Framework Detects 'Invisible' Brain Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Using Legacy MRI Scans

A new generative AI framework called MMCLE can identify previously invisible gray matter lesions in MS patients by analyzing existing MRI scans — no new hardware needed. Over 11,000 lesions discovered across study cohorts.

Dopamine Levels Now Detectable in Human Tears Using Graphene Biosensor

Engineers have created a postage-stamp-sized sensor from laser-patterned graphene that accurately detects dopamine in human tears — opening the door to non-invasive screening for Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative conditions.

Evaluation of non-opioid therapies for pain management of sickle cell disease: a literature-based review

Pain is a debilitating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), driven by recurrent vaso-occlusive crises and chronic pain syndromes involving central sensitization and neuropathic mechanisms. Although opioid medications remain first-line therapy f...

Neural Modification Through the Low-Frequency Band: Effects on Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Under Pressure Shooting Performance

This study examined the effects of infra-low frequency neurofeedback (ILF-NF) training on sleep quality, anxiety levels, and performance under pressure in semi-skilled pistol shooters. Twenty semi-skilled right-handed pistol shooters aged 20-45 were...

Neurocognitive and affective dysfunction in Chiari malformation type I

Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is traditionally conceptualized as a structural disorder of the posterior cranial fossa characterized by cerebellar tonsillar herniation. However, increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that CM-I may...

Reconsolidation blockade with propranolol as a novel treatment for fibromyalgia: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study

Nociplastic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia are characterized by changes in the central nervous system similar to those observed in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Reconsolidation therapy is a treatment for PTSD consisting in reactivating...

Simulated shift work Schedules disrupts circadian rhythms and behavior in mice

Shift work has become a major cause of circadian rhythm disruption in modern society. This study investigated the systemic consequences of shift schedules by subjecting mice to different light-dark (LD) cycles: non-24-hour cycles (rapidly rotating Gr...

Trait impulsivity prospectively predicts lower methadone treatment retention: moderation by pain catastrophizing

Empirical evidence supports the use of methadone as the standard of care for opioid use disorder. However, low retention in methadone treatment is one of the largest impediments to treatment success. Although several psychological and personality tra...

Voluntary exercise restores gut microbiota and cerebral perfusion to improve neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury in mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of neurological impairment, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, perpetuating a cycle of neuroinflammation. Exercise is known to promote recovery, however, its impact on the integr...

Whose stress counts? Wearable biosensing in urban spaces through a feminist lens

The experience of urban stress can profoundly influences health and well-being of city residents. Importantly, stress is experienced differently depending on social and individual factors, making certain groups more vulnerable than others. This paper...

Cerebellum-Inspired Chip Detects Heart Arrhythmias with 98% Accuracy Using 10,000x Fewer Operations

A new Nature Communications study reveals an electronic chip inspired by the cerebellum's reflex-driven architecture that can detect abnormal heart rhythms with 98% accuracy — while using a fraction of the energy of conventional AI chips.

Development and Validation of a Headache Health Education Program to Serve as a Control Intervention for Non-Pharmacological Studies in Migraine

As interest in non-pharmacologic treatments for migraine prevention increases, there is an urgent need to evaluate these treatments in well-designed randomized trials. However, designing a "control" for non-pharmacologic treatments is complex. One po...

EEG brain network analysis of mind-wandering characteristics and its modulation by shift work in high-risk industries

Mind-wandering (MW), a form of attentional disengagement during operational tasks, has emerged as a critical cognitive risk factor for unsafe behavior in high-risk industries. Moreover, the disruption of circadian rhythms induced by shift work furthe...

Growth factor-loaded scaffolds for locomotor recovery after traumatic spinal cord injuries: a meta-analysis of preclinical evidence

Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. To evaluate the efficacy of biomaterial scaffolds incorporating neurotrophic growth factors in promoting locomotor recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI results in severe ne...

RPLP2 Mediates the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Stress Resistance Through Muscle-Brain Communication

Anxiety disorders pose a considerable burden on public health. While exercise has been increasingly established as a viable strategy for preventing and alleviating anxiety symptoms, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this action remain elusive. W...

The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Association between Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence links air pollution to cognitive dysfunction in older adults. The gut microbiome and circulating metabolites present an important yet unexplored pathway given their crucial role in the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed...

Convergent Network Localization of Brain Stimulation Targets for Trait Anxiety

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can modulate brain circuits, and certain stimulation targets may relieve or exacerbate anxiety. The objective of this study was to localize circuit-based stimulation targets tha...

Dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport in immune cells mediates gut-brain ROS signaling during sleep deprivation

Sleep deprivation (SD), together with inevitable stress inherent to conventional SD protocols, can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of premature death. However, the source and signaling pathways underlying reactiv...

Eight-week high-intensity inspiratory muscle training improves cardiac autonomic function in COPD: a randomized controlled trial

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and respiratory muscle weakness have been detected in patients with COPD. Although low-intensity inspiratory muscle training over 12 weeks increases cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) activity, eight-week programmes...

Energy Expenditure of Esports Athletes During Gameplay: A Systematic Review

As competitive gaming continues its global rise, understanding the energy expenditure of esports athletes is essential for evaluating both performance demands and potential health risks. Esports-defined as organised, competitive video gaming-have rap...

Evaluating Wearable Devices for Remote Monitoring in Psychosis: Pilot Study Nested Within the CONNECT Cohort Study

Digital remote monitoring technologies, including smartphones and wearables, offer promising avenues for early detection of psychosis relapse. However, selecting devices that are acceptable to participants and produce high-quality data remains challe...

Gut microbiota as key mediators of animal acclimation to temperature changes: mechanisms and interventions

With the intensification of global climate change, temperature fluctuations profoundly affect animal physiology and health. Research has shown that the gut microbiota, as a critical bridge between the host and its environment, helps animals adapt to...

Gut microbiota-targeted interventions for depression in adolescents and young adults: Mechanisms, evidence strength and clinical strategies-A narrative review

Depression in adolescents and young adults is common, associated with substantial functional impairment and characterised by limited treatment efficacy. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for depression....

High-strength microneedle sensor for sensitive lactic acid and pH detection

In the new intelligent medical system, miniaturized wearable biological detection sensors are crucial for real-time monitoring of human health, especially when combined with flexible microneedle arrays that can penetrate skin without causing injury....

Integrative transcriptomic, experimental, and Mendelian randomization evidence implicates CREB1 in chronic sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like phenotypes

Insomnia and anxiety frequently co-occur, but the molecular nodes linking sleep loss, inflammation, and affective dysregulation remain incompletely defined. Here, we integrated transcriptomic reanalysis, a rat chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) model, a...

Investigating the effects of different exercise protocols on depressive-like behaviors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rodents: a systematic review

Depression is one of the most common and important mental disorders worldwide. On the other hand, different protocols of exercise may affect the depressive state. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as the most important neurotrophic factor in...

Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in neural circuit remodeling: multidimensional control in homeostasis and neuropathology

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are key regulators of synaptic plasticity and neural circuit homeostasis. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which microglia shape synaptic structure and function, including dy...

Modeling Relationships among Pain and Function in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis in the A2CPS Cohort

Individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) experience both pain and functional limitations which negatively impact quality of life and contribute to years lived with disability. Movement-evoked pain (MEP) is thought to act as a barrier to participatio...

Neuropathic pain through the perspective of microglia-neuron interactions: a translational review for clinicians

Neuropathic pain affects up to 10% of the population and is often refractory to current treatments. Growing evidence implicates neuroimmune interactions, particularly microglia, in the pathophysiology, but their role is underappreciated in clinical p...

Neuropsychological and metabolic interconnectivity in obesity, anorexia and bulimia nervosa - an integrative literature review

A dysfunctional bi-directional signalling of plural neural networks expresses distinct metabolic disruption with mental health consequences in obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Maladaptive brain-gut connectivities lead to multifactorial...

Nighttime Cold Stress and Cardiovascular Emergency Hospitalizations: A Time-Series Analysis by Sex and Age in a Subtropical City

Cold temperature can increase cardiovascular risks even in subtropical regions, where infrequent exposure and limited infrastructure may limit cold adaptation. Risks may intensify at night because of declining temperature and reduced thermoregulatory...

Postpartum maternal bonding problems relate to aberrant neural processing of infant emotions: Results of an adapted fMRI emotional GoNoGo task

Maternal bonding refers to the unique emotional connection between a mother and her baby that gradually develops during the peripartum period. However, 3-24% of women report bonding problems (BP), often accompanied by constraints for the mother-infan...

Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale: Turkish Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Study

Chronic pain is a major contributor to disability. Research has highlighted psychological inflexibility as a significant factor linked to chronic pain. The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) is a useful tool created to assess this const...

Scalp trichilemmal cysts and headache: a correlation with tension-type headache features in an adult female patient-a case report

Tension-type headaches (TTH) are prevalent primary headache disorders, affecting approximately 42% of the global population. Characterized by mild to moderate bilateral head pain, TTHs lack symptoms like photophobia and nausea (unless sometimes chron...

Temperature-dependent functional inversion of Cav3.2 channels during repetitive activity

Temperature strongly influences neuronal excitability and voltage-gated ion channel function. Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels are highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion neurons, where they contribute to nociceptive signa...

The use of quantitative electroencephalography in evaluating epilepsy treatment

Because quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) presents objective, data-driven measurements of brain activity with better performance than conventional EEG, it has become more popular for evaluating therapeutic response in epilepsy. Data from ove...

Understanding the genetic imperfections of Lewy body dementia

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a clinically and pathologically complex neurodegenerative disease. Its etiology remains poorly understood and, as such, it is likely underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Clinically, LBD is defined by fluctuations in cognit...

Mechanisms Underlying Burning Mouth Syndrome and Occlusal Dysesthesia: Shared and Distinct Pathways of Oral Sensory Dysregulation

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and occlusal dysesthesia (OD) are chronic oral sensory disorders that present without evident local pathology yet frequently cause substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in oral medicine practice. Although both...

Comparative response patterns and tolerability of high-frequency rTMS in unipolar versus bipolar depression: a retrospective naturalistic study

This retrospective naturalistic study compared response patterns and tolerability of high-frequency left-DLPFC repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depressive disorder (BD) u...

Cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and validation of the Chinese versions of the athlete fear avoidance questionnaire and fear of return to sport scale

Sports injuries not only impose periods of physical rest, but they can also provoke negative psychological responses, particularly fear, that can delay return to sport (RTS) and elevate reinjury risk. Although various instruments, including the Athle...

Efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning on cerebral blood flow regulation in patients with endovascular stenting: a randomized controlled trial

Postoperative stroke can undermine the benefits of endovascular stenting for cerebrovascular stenosis. This trial investigated whether adjunctive remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) improves cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation and reduces the risk of...

Exerkine-Mediated Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroprotection: Mechanistic Insights and the Role of Exercise

Neurodegeneration is a leading cause of long-term disability and cognitive impairment, and the aberrant activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely implicated in its pathogenesis. The NLRP3 inflammasome, as a central...

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Management and Prevention of Symptomatic Neuroma

Symptomatic neuroma formation after peripheral nerve injury poses a major clinical challenge, contributing to chronic neuropathic pain, which is reported by approximately 60% of residual limb patients. Traditional neuroma management approaches, featu...

The hijacked insula: A stratified model of affective touch modulation in chronic pain

Chronic pain involves maladaptive plasticity of the insular cortex, a key hub for both pain and affective touch. While C-tactile (CT) afferent stimulation shows analgesic potential, its efficacy is limited by altered touch processing in chronic pain...

The role of ultrasound in addressing neurodegenerative diseases: A review of mechanisms, applications, and challenges

With the aging of the global population, neurodegenerative diseases have become a major public health challenge. Currently, there are many limitations in the traditional treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as medicine, deep brain stimulatio...

Advancements in longevity pharmacology research - are we finally seeing clinical progression?

Longevity pharmacology has evolved from descriptive gerontology into a mechanistically driven field aiming to modulate fundamental processes of biological aging. Despite rapid scientific advances, whether this progress has translated into meaningful...

Association between light exposure patterns and multidimensional health outcomes in individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: findings from an observational cross-sectional cohort study

Light is a major environmental factor regulating circadian rhythms, sleep- wake cycles, and mood-related behaviors. Patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) often experience circadian disruption and poor sleep quality...

BCGNet: an AI model trained on 600 K hours of sleep data for a novel under-pillow contactless monitoring device

Sleep profoundly impacts health, yet current gold-standard Polysomnography (PSG) is constrained by cost, discomfort, and limited scalability for longitudinal monitoring. Ballistocardiography (BCG) offers a non-invasive and user-friendly alternative b...

Blinding Integrity in Psychedelic Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review

Psychedelic drugs possess acute psychoactive effects that can compromise blinding integrity in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Functional unblinding, when participants or raters correctly identify treatment allocation based on subjective effects,...

Chronic pain and stress: unravelling the common neuroinflammatory, immune and endocrine mechanisms for novel therapeutic approaches

Chronic pain and stress often co-exist and are driven by overlapping neurobiological, immunological, and psychosocial mechanisms. In this review, we provide a mechanistic and translational overview of the common pathways underlying chronic pain-stres...

Circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME promotes wakefulness under short winter-like days via a GABAergic circuitry

A cardinal symptom of seasonal affective disorder (SAD, also known as winter depression) is hypersomnolence, while the cause of this "winter sleepiness" is not known. Here we found that lack of the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (cry) leads to...

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders in older patients: a narrative review of current knowledge in 2026

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are frequent and severe complications in older surgical patients, encompassing postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, postoperative neurocognitive disorder, and long-term cognitive impai...

Rationale, design, and statistical analysis plan for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Limosilactobacillus reuteri to support mother-infant bonding and maternal socioemotional functioning in postpartum women at increased risk for postpartum depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common and can impair early mother-infant bonding. Oxytocin (OXT) supports socioemotional adaptation, yet intranasal OXT yields supraphysiological exposure and mixed results. The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L...

RNA profiling of the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and anterior cingulate cortex in mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain

Chronic inflammatory pain, involving peripheral and central sensitization, and comorbid anxiety symptoms, imposes substantial clinical burdens due to inadequate therapies and unclear molecular mechanisms. This study investigated transcriptomic altera...

[Translated article] Effect of central sensitization on outcomes after hallux valgus surgery

Central sensitization (CS) is a pain amplification mechanism associated with poorer surgical outcomes. Its influence on hallux valgus (HV) surgery remains unclear. This study evaluates whether CS is associated with worse outcomes following Chevron an...

A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System: Achieving Dynamic Monitoring of Neuroplasticity in Clinical Rehabilitation

Objective: This study aimed to integrate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to achieve concurrent monitoring of neural activity during neuromodulation and to evaluate its feasibility...

A Scoping Review of Orexin Antagonists in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Modulating Sleep, Stress, and Fear Circuits

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by hyperarousal, intrusive memories, and impaired fear extinction, often accompanied by persistent sleep disturbances. The orexin (hypocretin) system, which r...

Additive Effects of Sleep Loss, Psychological Distress and Physical Inactivity on Cognitive Failures in Young Adults

Young adults frequently report cognitive complaints often attributed to sleep loss alone. However, subjective cognitive functioning is shaped by broader lifestyle and affective factors. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 530 young adults (mean a...

Cannabidiol in the anterior insular cortex attenuates chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid anxiety- and depression-like behaviors: involvement of CB1 and 5-HT1A receptor signaling

Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is frequently accompanied by anxiety- and depression‑like symptoms, reflecting maladaptive interactions between nociceptive and affective brain networks. The anterior insular cortex (AIC) integrates sensory and em...

Feasibility of assessing implicit motor imagery after dry needling in bilateral patellofemoral pain with kinesiophobia

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has been associated with altered central processing and implicit motor imagery, as assessed using left-right judgment tasks. However, the feasibility of assessing implicit motor imagery performance in individuals with bilate...

Leveraging Wearable Technology to Support Behavior Change in Personalized Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine

Sustained behavior change remains one of the greatest challenges in personalized nutrition and lifestyle medicine, despite well-established links between diet, physical activity, sleep, stress regulation, and chronic disease risk. Consumer health tec...

MAP1A cleavage regulates TRIM46 transport to the axon in mature neurons

Polarised cargo transport is fundamental to neuronal function, ensuring the proper distribution of proteins and organelles between the cell body and axon. This process is tightly regulated at the proximal axon, where the enrichment of specific protei...

Migraine Relief: Solutions from Natural Bioactive Products of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Migraine is a chronic and refractory primary neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent and pulsating headache accompanied by reversible neurological or systemic symptoms, such as visual aura, phonophobia, and gastrointestinal symptoms....

Prediction of Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms at 2-Year Follow-Up in Older Adults: Machine Learning Study Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Depression in older adults is often underdiagnosed due to atypical symptom presentation and generational stigma, leading to delayed intervention. Early identification of individuals at risk of developing elevated depressive symptoms is therefore crit...

Pulse sensor for cardiovascular health monitoring based on self-poled piezo-tribo hybrid composites

Wearable devices, such as a pulse sensor, can be useful for real-time monitoring of cardiovascular health. Continuous and systematic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters can predict conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardia...

Superficial Ventral Premotor Pathways to Primary Motor Cortex Shape the Temporal Coordination of Precision Grasping

Goal-directed actions, such as picking up, manipulating, or using objects, are so ubiquitous that impairments in these skills can severely impact quality of life. Reaching-grasping behaviors are driven by a frontoparietal network, with the ventral pr...

The effects of a novel combination of a probiotic supplement (L. rhamnosus GG, L. acidophilus, and L. casei) with a weight gain intervention on body composition, appetite, gut permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammation in underweight adults: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Undernutrition, characterized by insufficient energy and protein intake and/or malabsorption, leads to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Addressing Undernutrition is complex, requiring adequate dietary intake and consideration of the gut m...

Thermal and cardiovascular responses to sauna are attenuated by adding cold water immersion to cooling breaks

The independent effects of different cooling practices, such as cold-water immersion (CWI), on thermal and cardiovascular responses to sauna remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that thermal and cardiovascular responses to sauna are atten...

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the University of Wisconsin running injury and recovery index: a reliability and validity study

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) into Arabic (UWRI-Ar) and evaluate its psychometric properties in Arabic-speaking runners with running-related injury (RRI). A cross-cultural...

TRPV1‑mediated central sensitisation: Core mechanisms of migraine chronification and novel targeted therapeutic strategies (Review)

Migraines are highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorders. Central sensitisation constitutes the core pathophysiological basis for its recurrent and chronic nature. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a key molecule in pain si...

Clustering-based stratification of fibromyalgia subtypes: A comparative analysis of medicated and non-medicated cohorts from two academic centers

Fibromyalgia (FM) exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity, yet reproducible symptom phenotypes with relevance for treatment personalization remain poorly defined. This study examined whether distinct FM phenotypes emerge consistently across medic...

Cortical and brainstem mechanisms of pain: linking defensive responses, descending modulation, and affective-sensory integration

Pain is a multidimensional experience emerging from the coordinated activity of distributed neural circuits that integrate sensory, emotional, and cognitive information. The purpose of this review is to highlight and synthesise current understanding...

Enhancement of sleep slow wave activity using transcranial electrical stimulation with temporal interference: an interim analysis of the STRENGTHEN study

Slow waves are oscillations that reflect rhythmic alternation of neuronal activity and mediate key restorative functions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex regions are a "hot spot" for slow wave generation. Th...

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for occupational memories associated with prolonged depressive and trauma-related symptoms after COVID-19 administrative redeployment: a public health nurse case report

Reports remain limited on individual eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for prolonged trauma-related symptoms linked to occupational memories after COVID-19 administrative redeployment among public health nurses. A woman in her 30s...

Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading global cause of death from a single infectious agent. Recent reductions in global health funding have threatened TB control, making comprehensive assessment of TB, HIV-related TB, and drug-resistant TB burdens before...

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Dorsomedial PFC and Expectancy-Driven Placebo Mood Effects: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Default mode network (DMN) activity has been implicated in mechanisms of antidepressant treatment response, particularly expectancy processes that contribute to placebo effects. However, causal evidence is limited. To test whether modulating DMN func...

Mapping emotional function in fibromyalgia: integrating alexithymia, pain catastrophizing, and self-compassion

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. Alexithymia-difficulty identifying and describing emotions-has been reported in up to 48% of FM pati...

Movement Disorder Patients with Depression have Altered Corticostriatal Alpha-Beta Power Response to Reward and Loss

Depression is a common comorbidity in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Altered reward signaling contributes to core depression symptoms such as anhedonia, but the specific neural activity patterns underly...

Pachymic acid alleviates circadian rhythm disorders in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice via the sphingolipid pathway

Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) is known to disrupt metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Pachymic acid (PA), a bioactive triterpenoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and sedative-hypnotic properties...

Recovery Strategies in Elite-Level Male Rugby Union Players and Positional Considerations: A Scoping Review

Rugby union training and competition results in task-specific fatigue. As a result, practitioners working in elite rugby settings must identify and understand the position-specific demands placed upon players. Aligning appropriate recovery strategies...

Role of Toll-like receptors and oral-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders

The oral-gut-brain axis is a path connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS). The gut microbiota influences the immune system, metabolism, and nerve cells through the production of neurotransmitters and microbial metab...

Unraveling the multifaceted roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the central nervous system: neurogenesis, neural function, and disease

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor originally characterized as a mediator of xenobiotic detoxification. Growing evidence now establishes AhR as a central integrator of metabolic, immune, and environmental s...

Using mobile sensing and wearable technologies to assess the impact of ambient temperature on mental health among low-income black women in Chicago: a study protocol

Growing evidence suggests that higher ambient temperatures may increase the risk of mental health disorders and exacerbate existing conditions. Despite this, most studies evaluating the association between temperature and mental health rely on hospit...

A Multi-Database Bibliometric and Translational Mapping of Microglial Mechanisms in Spinal Cord Pain Signaling

This multi-source bibliometric and translational mapping study provides a panoramic synthesis of how research on microglia-mediated spinal pain signaling has evolved from foundational mechanistic studies to clinically oriented innovations. The aim is...

A reduced multicompartment network model of CA1 theta-gamma oscillations under extracellular stimulation

Deep brain stimulation has demonstrated its therapeutic potential in modulating pathological oscillations associated with Parkinsons disease and epilepsy. However, its efficacy in treating disrupted theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling seen in memory...

Acute dose-dependent effects of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) compared with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy participants

Based on its in vitro profile and preliminary evidence, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) may have psychoactive properties that are similar to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin, which are investigated for the treatment...

Adenosine A1 receptor in the medial parabrachial nucleus modulates sleep-wake regulation and homeostatic processes

To elucidate the role of adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) in the medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB) for bidirectional sleep-wake regulation and homeostatic control. Bilateral microinjections targeted the MPB in rats, administering: adenosine (0.5/1.5/4.5...

Beyond pain: Impact of movement-based mindful exercises in fibromyalgia. A systematic review with meta-analysis

Current literature supports exercise for the management of fibromyalgia (FM), although the optimal type of exercise remains unclear. This systematic review aims to summarize the effectiveness of qigong, yoga, and tai chi for FM-related symptoms beyon...

Brief and Context-Free Color-Pain Interaction: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence for Awareness-Dependent Effects

Pain experience extends beyond nociceptive processing, being modulated by other senses. It has been demonstrated that prolonged exposure to colorful lights and brief exposure to color manipulation in embodied context modulate pain. The present study...

Cognitive and psychological factors associated with shoulder function in patients with shoulder pain and asymptomatic individuals: a cross-sectional regression analysis

To investigate the associations between pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain intensity with shoulder function in adults with and without shoulder pain. A cross-sectional study included 100 adults (50 with should...

Computed tomographic evaluation of tracheal anatomy of tigers (Panthera tigris)

To describe tracheal dimensions of male and female tigers using computed tomography (CT) scans, and to assess correlation between body mass and theoretical maximum endotracheal tube (ETT) size (Max ETT size). Retrospective case series. A group of 19...

EEG alpha rhythm modulation using sham neurofeedback during attentional control in a virtual reality environment

Attention is a vital process for selective focus on relevant information. Impaired attentional control is linked to disorders like depression and anxiety, often involving maladaptive strategies such as rumination. As a trainable skill, attentional co...

Good vibrations: Sternal vibration enhances white matter density and interoceptive awareness

Vibration-based therapies are understudied but promising methods for alleviating psychiatric symptoms, particularly when paired with behavioral practices. The potential neuroplastic changes associated with a novel neurostimulation method, sternal vib...

[Heart and climate]

Temperature changes affect cardiovascular health through multiple physiological and environmental pathways. Cold exposure activates the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increases blood pressure, cardiac afterlo...

Implementing psilocybin-assisted therapy in palliative care settings: A survey of stakeholders

While the adoption of psilocybin-assisted therapy for existential distress offers promising support for patients with life-threatening illnesses, implementing this intervention into palliative care settings presents significant real-world challenges....

Integrative network pharmacology and molecular modelling identify taxifolin as a potential modulator of melatonin receptor MT1 in mood disorders

Mood disorders are increasingly recognised as disorders of circadian dysregulation, with sleep abnormalities acting as both risk factors and clinical hallmarks. Despite extensive evidence linking circadian disruption to affective pathology, the preci...

Investigating the impact of serotonergic psychedelic drugs, MDMA and ketamine on social cognition in psychiatric disorders: A scoping review

Interest in psychedelic drugs has increased rapidly because of their potential therapeutic role in psychiatric disorders. Impairments in the sociocognitive skills needed to build and maintain social relationships are prominent features of many psychi...

Macular telangiectasia masqueraders

Macular telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel 2) is a bilateral retinal disease characterized by progressive neurodegenerative and telangiectatic changes in the macula. Its subtle early presentation and overlap with a variety of retinal conditions often lead...

Near‑Infrared Photobiomodulation in White‑Matter Disease: From Microglial States to Measurable Endpoints

White-matter (WM) injury contributes to disability across multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and small-vessel disease. We use microglial state programs as an organizing axis for WM injury-to-repair...

Neurobiological and Behavioral Consequences of Prenatal Methadone or Buprenorphine Exposure: Insight From Animal Models

The marked increase in opioid use over the past three decades has been accompanied by increased use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including during pregnancy. However, methadone and buprenorphine, the primary MOUDs, cross the placenta...

Neurofeedback interventions for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: Current evidence and future directions

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) are characterized by obsessions, compulsive or repetitive behaviors, hoarding and saving, or recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviors. Although pharmacological, cognitive-behavioral, or behavioral...

Physical and mental health impact of perimenopause, menopause and post menopause in a diverse global population (MARIE Project- Global Chapter WP 2a): cross-sectional quantitative data from a mixed-methods study

Menopause is a major global health issue affecting cisgender women, transgender people, and gender-diverse populations, yet it remains under-recognised in research and policy, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Rising life expect...

Pilates training is associated with reduced ambulatory blood pressure and enhanced autonomic reflex responsiveness in women with hypertension

To investigate the effects of a 13-week Pilates Method (PM) program, combining mat and apparatus-based exercises, on ambulatory blood pressure (BP), autonomic reflex regulation, and endothelial function in women with hypertension receiving pharmacolo...

Population-based characterisation of child and adolescent oral bacterial microbiomes

The factors influencing the oral microbiome during childhood and adolescence remain under-explored at the population level. Furthermore, details on how the oral microbiome differs with age, varies between individuals of different ethnicities, or is a...

Psychosomatic medicine, consultation-liaison psychiatry, and integrated care in Taiwan: Snapshot 2026

This article provides an overview of psychosomatic medicine in Taiwan, addressing the healthcare system, clinical practice, research development, and sociocultural context. Taiwan's National Health Insurance system offers highly accessible and low-co...

Quantitative accuracy and total-body voxel-based dosimetry of 177Lu molecular radiotherapy using a ring-shaped 360° CZT digital SPECT/CT

This study aimed to determine 177Lu quantification accuracy and total-body voxel-based dosimetry using a ring-shaped 360° CZT-SPECT/CT in both phantom and patient studies. An IEC/NEMA body phantom containing six fillable spheres (10-37 mm)...

Serious side effects of Alzheimer's immunotherapy demand scrutiny

Monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-β, i.e., lecanemab and donanemab, have recently been approved for treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Though these antibodies are by many considered milestones in AD therapy, clinical approvals have...

Sleep spindles enhance latent working memory representations

Working memory (WM) allows recently encountered information to be maintained over short periods, yet neural mechanisms supporting this short-term accessibility remain debated. Recent work suggests that WM representations can be maintained without per...

Social Determinants of Health in Psychiatric Disorders: Exciting Opportunities for Biopsychosocial Research and Clinical Care

Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the development, course, and outcomes of psychiatric disorders. However, their integration into clinical psychiatry and mechanistic models remains limited....

Study Protocol for "Exploring the safety and therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents and young adults"

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with high morbidity, mortality, and relapse rates, most commonly emerging during adolescence. Despite specialized psychological and nutritional treatments, outcomes remain suboptimal, with high r...

The milk fat globule membrane increases bacterial serotonin and exopolysaccharide production for maintenance of intestinal cell differentiation

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is primarily produced in the gut and is produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It plays a crucial role in regulating mood and mental health disorders via the gut-brain axis using the enteric nervous system. Exopo...

The role of sleep in strengthening face learning and memory consolidation: A systematic review

Sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation, particularly for complex, hippocampal-dependent tasks, such as associating faces with names. While numerous studies have examined the impact of sleep on memory, the specific effects on episodic face...

The South Texas Oral Health Network Study of Practitioners' Approaches to Oral Appliance Therapy Titration for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Their Impact on Patient Outcomes (PAOSA): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study

Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is a widely used treatment for obstructive sleep apnea; however, titration approaches remain variable and lack standardization across clinical practice. Existing evidence is largely derived from academic or specialty slee...

Thermodynamics of custom-designed labware and an automated cryostorage system for human reproductive cells and tissues

Human reproductive cells and tissues (eggs and embryos) are cryopreserved using vitrification for long-term storage at cryogenic temperatures (<-150 °C). Current equipment and processes, including data handling, are primarily manual. The cent...

Toward Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Diabetes Using Consumer-Grade Smartwatches and a Machine Learning Approach

Nocturnal hypoglycemia poses significant risks to individuals with insulin-treated diabetes, impacting health and quality of life. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems reduce these risks, their poor accuracy at low glucose levels, hig...

Towards ecological psychiatry: The herbicide glyphosate disrupts behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis

Planetary and human health including mental health are closely interrelated. Increasing evidence also points to a role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis in maintaining optimum mental health. Emerging evidence raises concerns about the unintended toxi...

Voluntary wheel running in male mice mitigates select hyperglycemia-induced depressive-like behaviors and modulates BDNF and Tnf in a brain region-specific manner

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for depression. Emerging data suggests this effect is partly mediated by hyperglycemia-associated neuroinflammation and decreased BDNF. While exercise reduces depressive symptoms in other models of depres...

Wearable technology-derived digital biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional pilot study

Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents a significant health concern that affects not only physical well-being but also psychological health and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the potential of digital biomarkers derived from smartwatch...

Factors influencing postoperative pain catastrophizing in patients with lower limb trauma and development of a nomogram prediction model

This study aimed to examine the determinants of postoperative pain catastrophizing among surgical patients with lower limb trauma and to develop a nomogram for individualized risk prediction. Data encompassing demographic characteristics, Injury Seve...

Long-term neuron tracking reveals balance of stability and plasticity in functional properties

Neural stability is essential for executing learned motor behaviors while plasticity provides the flexibility needed to adapt to new tasks and environments. Although low-dimensional neural population dynamics exhibit long-term stability, the extent t...

Migraine and auditory dysfunction: beyond comorbidity

Migraine operates as a systemic disorder of multisensory sensitization. Within this spectrum, auditory manifestations, including sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis, represent prevalent yet frequently overlooked otologic phenotypes....

Nitric Oxide-Mediated Minimally Invasive Neuromodulation through Gut-Brain Axis via a Bioelectronic Microdevice for Relieving Depressive Symptoms

Minimally invasive brain modulation is essential for understanding and treating neurological disorders. This study presents a wireless, optically controlled nitric oxide (NO)-releasing microbioelectronic device (ONMD) that enables peripheral-to-centr...

Sex-dependent behavioral and prefrontal BDNF mRNA responses to extinction training and short-term citalopram after fear conditioning in rats

Fear conditioning is widely used to model selected PTSD-relevant fear-related responses in rodents, particularly persistent freezing after an aversive cue. However, this paradigm does not reproduce the full clinical syndrome of PTSD. The present stud...

Spinal astrocytes hardly proliferate following peripheral nerve injury: Evidence from adult Aldh1l1-GFP reporter mice

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) induces neuroinflammatory responses in the spinal cord that contribute to neuropathic pain. While microglial proliferation is a well-established feature of this process, whether spinal astrocytes undergo proliferation af...

The rise and fall of TRPV1-targeted analgesia in osteoarthritis: a critical appraisal

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) has been pursued as a therapeutic target in osteoarthritis (OA) pain for over two decades. Both systemic antagonism and localized agonism advanced into clinical development, supported by mechanistic ra...

Therapeutic approaches for functional Globus Pharyngeus: A systematic review of studies from 2000 to 2025

To systematically review therapeutic interventions for functional globus pharyngeus in adults. Following PRISMA 2020 (PROSPERO CRD420251185872), PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for interventional studies (2000-202...

Urolithin A supplementation improves chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairments and anxiety in mice by suppressing hippocampal ferroptosis via the Nrf2 signaling

Sleep deprivation (SD) is now a widespread issue affecting people globally. It adversely impacts individuals of all ages, contributing to cognitive deficits and increased anxiety. Urolithin A (UA) has been found to address numerous health concerns, i...

A descending posterior insular pathway drives sensory hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain

Descending cortical control plays a critical role in shaping neuropathic pain. However, how specific circuits within the insular cortex (IC), a critical cortical hub that integrates the sensory and affective dimensions of pain, contribute to this pro...

Central sensitization and hormonal therapy failure for endometriosis-related pain symptoms: a prospective study

To investigate the association between Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) scores/Central Sensitization (CS) and hormonal therapy failure (HTF) for endometriosis. Single-center, observational, prospective, cohort study. Tertiary level referral cent...

Developmental trajectories, heterogeneous subgroups, and predictors of subgroup membership of PTSD among healthcare workers: An 18-month longitudinal study

Healthcare workers are at high risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when exposed to public health emergencies. The latent developmental trajectories of PTSD differ among individuals, even if they are exposed to similar environment....

Maternal separation-induced changes in breast milk fatty acid composition are associated with altered gut microbiota and serotonergic gene expression in neonatal mice

Maternal separation (MS) is a widely used model of early-life stress, yet the biological pathways transmitting maternal stress signals to offspring remain incompletely understood. Breast milk represents a primary biological interface between mother a...

Midbrain somatostatin-expressing cells control pain-suppression during defensive states

In threatening situations, animals exhibit a broad range of behavioral and autonomic responses. As such, a crucial adaptive response is the inhibition of pain, which facilitates relevant defensive behaviors that promote survival. Whereas the structur...

Nerve-targeting and pain-promoting transcriptomic signatures in early Guillain-Barre syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder that causes weakness, sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction, and chronic neuropathic pain. The mediators responsible for driving early autoimmune injury in the most common GBS variant, acute infla...

Temporal Contrast Enhancement in Auditory and Nociceptive Processing

Temporal contrast enhancement (TCE), also termed offset analgesia, describes a temporal filtering mechanism whereby a small decrease in stimulus intensity produces a disproportionately large reduction in perceived pain. Although TCE is considered a r...

Trajectory characteristics and influencing factors of fear of progression among patients with first-ever stroke: A prospective cohort study

This study examined Fear of Progression (FoP) trajectories among first-stroke patients from onset to 6 months post-stroke and identified predictors for different subtypes. A total of 314 eligible patients were recruited via convenience samplin...

Baseline inflammatory profiles in moderate-to-severe depression and differential response to intermittent theta-burst stimulation

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a biologically heterogeneous condition, with a subset of patients exhibiting elevated inflammatory markers associated with greater symptom burden and lower responsiveness to antidepressants. Treatment outcomes with...

Comorbid impairments of emotional and cognitive functions induced by different sleep deprivation durations

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and is known to induce comorbid emotional and cognitive impairments; however, the temporal dynamics and underlying mechanistic pathways remain poorly defined. Here, we estab...

From Mechanisms to Therapy: Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis in Chronic Gastrointestinal Pain

Chronic gastrointestinal pain (CGP) is a common and often difficult-to-manage symptom in disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Owing to the limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches in a subset of patients, a better understanding of gut...

Sleep, self and screens: Unravelling the psychological architecture of Gen Z phubbing behaviour

Phubbing, snubbing people by delving into mobile phones in face-to-face conversations, is a widely prevalent behaviour among Gen Zs. Although previous research has focused on predictors using linear models, the configurational view of these factors a...

An Upper-Limb Motor Imagery EEG Dataset of Chronic Stroke Patients

Motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a promising approach for post-stroke motor rehabilitation. However, their clinical translation is limited by the scarcity of large, clinically relevant electroencephalography (EEG)...

ARPA-H Launches $25M 'Resilience' Program for Real-Time Nervous System Monitoring

The Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health is funding development of wearable systems that continuously monitor autonomic nervous system state and predict stress-related health events before they happen.

Association between Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index and mortality in US adults with obstructive sleep apnea

Reliable prognostic markers are needed to improve risk assessment in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI), which integrates inflammatory and nutritional status, may offer additional prognostic insight, yet...

Associations between musculoskeletal health literacy and changes in pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A prospective study

BackgroundThe improvement following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is associated with biopsychosocial factors, including emotional well-being, health beliefs, and patient engagement.ObjectiveThis prospective study aimed to investigate the re...

Atrophy in preclinical Alzheimer's disease maps to a network that predicts longitudinal decline

Brain atrophy may precede cognitive and functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but at this "preclinical" stage, it remains unclear whether atrophy localizes to specific brain networks and whether such localization is associated with clini...

Condylar position-dependent cerebellar connectivity changes in painful temporomandibular disorder: a brief report

The cerebellum contributes to sensory, cognitive, emotional, and pain-modulatory processes beyond motor coordination. In temporomandibular disorders (TMD), alterations in spontaneous cerebellar neural activity and strengthened functional connectivity...

Cortical and thalamic afferent connectomes distinguish ACC subregions of the macaque brain

In humans and nonhuman primates, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is an interface between "interoceptive" and "exteroceptive" domains. The ACC contains discrete subdivisions that are distinct in cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function. The su...

DARPA Funds $6.8M Program to Map How Psychedelics Rewire Fear Circuits

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is funding research into how psilocybin and MDMA alter fear extinction learning at the neural circuit level — with implications for PTSD treatment in veterans.

Dynamic and task-dependent decoding of the human attentional spotlight from MEG

Attention is a fundamental mechanism enabling the brain to overcome its limited capacity for parallel processing. In non-human primates, invasive electrophysiology has shown that attentional selection operates rhythmically, primarily within the alpha...

Efficacy of gut-brain neuromodulators and brain-gut behaviour therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction, with some recommended treatments targeting brain-gut axis dysfunction. To compare relative efficacy of gut-brain neuromodulators and brain-gut behaviour therapies in IBS. Network...

EU Horizon Brain Health Initiative Awards €12M for Non-Invasive Neuromodulation

The European Union's Horizon Europe program has awarded €12 million to a consortium studying transcranial focused ultrasound and photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disease prevention.

Gut microbiome composition and predicted functions relate to growth and behavior in a Japanese preschool cohort

Early childhood is a period of rapid brain maturation and gut microbiome assembly, when emerging behavioral difficulties can shape later mental health and learning trajectories. Microbiota-gut-brain communication has been implicated in neurodevelopme...

NIH Awards $4.2M for Wearable Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression

The National Institutes of Health has funded a multi-site trial testing transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as an adjunct treatment for depression that hasn't responded to medication.

Parabrachial Ntsr1 neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is an important hub located in the pons that relays sensory signals from peripheral regions. It is genetically diverse and contains many populations that modulate feeding and responses to threatening situations. A small...

Systematic Review of Tactile-Based Interventions Combined with Multisensory Stimulation Protocols in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

Social touch interventions have the potential to modulate psychological and physiological stress in intensive care settings. In individuals with disorders of consciousness (DOC), tactile stimulation combined with other sensory modalities, (e.g., visu...

VA Funds $3.1M Pilot: Cold Exposure Protocol for Veteran PTSD and Chronic Pain

The Department of Veterans Affairs is funding a clinical trial testing structured cold water immersion as an adjunct therapy for veterans with comorbid PTSD and chronic pain — the first VA-funded cold exposure study.

Adaptive reconfiguration of prefrontal networks during prolonged cognitive interference: Evidence from fNIRS

In the era of information overload, understanding the brain's adaptive responses to prolonged cognitive tasks is critical. This study investigates the neural compensatory mechanisms that sustain cognitive performance under mental fatigue, offering in...

Cross-cultural comparison of somatic-depressive symptom networks in Chinese and Rwandan adolescents: network analysis study

Adolescent depression often presents with somatic complaints, and its clinical manifestation is strongly shaped by cultural context. In non-western districts, psychological distress is frequently expressed through physical symptoms; a tendency that,...

Current use and future potential of oscillometry in UK lung function testing: a national survey

Despite growing international momentum, uptake of oscillometry in routine lung function testing services in the United Kingdom (UK) is unclear. Evaluate the current use of oscillometry in UK lung function services, identify key clinical applications,...

Decoding the Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Niche Microenvironment via Integrative Analysis of Single Cell Multiomics and Spatial Transcriptomics

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, destructive lung disease caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, leading to mTORC1 hyperactivation. While mTOR inhibitor sirolimus, the only FDA approved drug for this disease, stabilizes lung function in most L...

EEG Connectivity Signatures in Active vs. Passive Mental Fatigue Settings

In real-world occupational settings, mental fatigue commonly emerges from the combination of sleep deprivation with prolonged cognitive and physical workload. However, this multidimensional fatigue profile is rarely captured in controlled experimenta...

Intravenous midazolam alters short-interval paired-pulse TMS responses differently in younger and older adults

ObjectiveAging is associated with changes in cortical excitability and altered responsiveness to benzodiazepines, but the effects of benzodiazepine challenge on motor cortical paired-pulse physiology in older adults remain incompletely understood. We...

Irritable bowel syndrome subtype predicts treatment response and defines distinct mechanistic phenotypes in OAB-IBS comorbidity: a prospective observational study

To investigate the heterogeneity of treatment response in patients with concomitant Overactive Bladder (OAB) syndrome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), including diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D), constipation-predominant (IBS-C), and mixed-type (IBS-M)...

Neurofeedback of somatosensory alpha oscillations modulates sensory and affective pain through dissociable neurocognitive pathways

Elevated somatosensory α-oscillations are associated with reduced pain sensitivity, motivating efforts to modulate these rhythms for analgesia. Neurofeedback enables voluntary regulation of neural activity through real-time feedback. Here, we e...

Neurophysiological and psychophysical mechanisms associated with immersive virtual reality-induced hypoalgesia: a systematic review

Although growing evidence supports immersive virtual reality (IVR) as a nonpharmacological intervention for pain management, the mechanisms by which IVR induces hypoalgesia are still under debate. In this study, we review and evaluate candidate neuro...

Neurotoxicity of antimony: A review of epidemiological evidence and the underlying molecular mechanisms

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid and a global pollutant. Sb exposure is known to cause pulmonary, cardiovascular, liver and kidney damage, as well as cancer. In addition, data showing neurotoxic effects of Sb have been also obtained recently. There...

Novel approaches in depression treatment: from rapid-acting antidepressants to personalized interventions

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are prevalent and debilitating conditions. Over 50% of patients have inadequate response to first-line serotonergic antidepressants and are left with suboptimal treatment option...

Pilot study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in clinical outcomes following a brief trauma-focused intervention for chronic pain

Trauma exposure is prevalent among individuals with chronic pain and is associated with poorer pain-related outcomes. Brief, scalable interventions that target overlapping trauma-pain processes are needed. This single-arm pilot study evaluated feasib...

The impact of everyday acoustic environments on chronic pain mechanisms in fibromyalgia: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled 4 × 4 crossover trial

Given the limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches, shifting the focus beyond individual-level factors toward environmental influences may offer potential complementary, nonpharmacological strategies for preventive and therapeutic purposes....

TWIK-1 plays distinct roles in spinal and peripheral sensory circuits controlling mechanical sensitivity and neuropathic hypersensitivity

Ion channels are essential for sensing somatic stimuli, and their dysregulation can cause chronic conditions such as neuropathic pain. Although the potassium channel Twik-1 has been linked to sensory processing, its specific roles in the somatosensor...

UBOX5 Modulates the Cognitive Dysfunction by Degrading HSP70 Protein in Sleep-Deprived Mice

Sleep deprivation is a global health concern that disrupts hippocampal proteostasis and leads to cognitive decline. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a key molecular chaperone supporting neuronal survival, is downregulated under sleep deprivation, yet i...

Action and rest tremor map to distinct networks within the primary motor cortex

Tremor is a common symptom in movement disorders such as Parkinson disease and essential tremor. While both conditions benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS), the neural substrates underlying different tremor types and their treatment remain poorl...

Association Between Geomagnetic Activity and Unsuccessful Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) represent a significant global health challenge, with a survival rate <10%. Recent research has demonstrated that geomagnetic activity (GMA) can disrupt the circadian rhythm. Therefore, GMA may affect p...

Biopsychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life in long COVID: a matched case-control study in primary care

Long COVID is associated with persistent symptoms, functional impairment, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but the factors most strongly associated with poorer HRQoL remain incompletely characterized. This study compared adults wit...

Effects of auricular vagal neuromodulation therapy combined with slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing in individuals with postural tachycardia syndrome: a randomised controlled trial protocol

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a multifactorial disorder of the autonomic nervous system characterised by an excessive increase in heart rate (HR) on standing and a wide range of debilitating symptoms, including fatigue, exercise...

Frequency-Specific Transcranial Photobiomodulation Elicits Complementary Glial Mechanisms for Neurovascular Protection and Amyloid Clearance in Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically defined by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Critically, concomitant cerebrovascular dysfunction compromises neuronal homeostasis and...

Identification of a central CGRP circuit for trigeminal V1-mediated migraine-like pain in mice

Migraine attacks can be provoked in people with underlying primary headache disorders by multiple peripheral mechanisms suggesting the possible convergence of trigeminal nociceptive inputs onto a common, unknown central circuit. As calcitonin gene-re...

Impact of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle score on a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic and related diseases and its incremental value for risk prediction based on the UK biobank database

Cardiometabolic and related diseases (CMDs) represent a major global disease burden. While traditional risk factors are well-established, the role of lifestyle factors in primary prevention has not been sufficiently studied. This study analyzed data...

Multi-metric evaluations of acute psychedelic effects on fMRI brain entropy

A prominent theory of psychedelics is that they increase brain entropy. Thirteen studies have evaluated psychedelic effects on fMRI brain entropy, each applying a distinct measure. Here we evaluated these metrics in an independent 28-participant heal...

Prior clinically diagnosed human papillomavirus infection and risk of esophageal cancer

The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal cancer (EC) is not well understood. This study, based on a population-based case-control design, sought to investigate the association between previous clinically diagnosed HPV infect...

Radon balneotherapy in rheumatologic diseases: potential mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular autonomic control and inflammation

Radon balneotherapy, a form of low-dose radiation treatment, has been utilized for decades in managing rheumatologic diseases, particularly in Central Europe and parts of Asia. Despite ongoing debate about its efficacy, developing research suggests t...

Targeting the posterior thalamic hub: hemispheric-specific encoding of pain-depression comorbidity after hemorrhagic stroke

Post-stroke pain (PSP) and post-stroke depression (PSD) frequently co-occur after thalamic hemorrhage and may mutually exacerbate one another, with persistent pain contributing to affective dysfunction and depression altering sensory processing. Beca...

A cross-sectional study of oxidative stress pathway genotypes and their interactions with environmental pollutant levels identifies associations with gene expression and lung function

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exacerbates asthma, likely through oxidative stress pathways, but whether genetic variation modifies this effect remains unclear. We an...

Assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters, oral bioavailability, and physiological effects of amantadine in horses

Without adequate pain management, central nervous system plasticity can result in acute or adaptive pain developing into chronic or maladaptive pain. This is difficult to manage and often unresponsive to traditional analgesics. An important mechanism...

Assessment of psychological and physiological responses to auditory and visual stimuli during recovery from acute stress induction

Workplace stress is one of the main sources of stress for adults, although physiological and cognitive factors may impact each person's stress response. Numerous studies have shown heart rate, heart rate variability, neural activity, and cognitive pe...

Comparative Efficacy of Laser Acupuncture and Direct Photobiomodulation for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Hypoesthesia After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disturbance after mandibular third molar extraction can persist and affect speech, mastication, and quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used to promote peripheral nerve recovery, but the most suita...

Neuropsychological Factors in Vitiligo: Mechanisms and Clinical Application

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmenting disorder affecting 0.5%-2% of the global population, characterized by bidirectional interplay between psychological stress and disease progression, with accumulating evidence highlighting the central role...

Pain catastrophizing and its associated factors among puerperal women with vaginal birth : a cross-sectional study

To investigate the prevalence of pain catastrophizing among women with vaginal birth and explore its associated factors. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 282 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by convenie...

Pain-Related and General Distress Among Adults Seeking Pain Psychology Treatment: A Latent Profile Analysis

People with chronic pain often experience symptoms of pain-related distress (kinesiophobia, catastrophizing) and general distress (depression, anxiety). Identifying distinct profiles of distress among patients seeking pain psychology treatment can in...

Real-time impacts of air pollution on the health, well-being, and daily life of children and young people in Delhi and Dhaka

Air pollution is a major global health threat, with children and young people (CYP) among the most vulnerable. Delhi (India) and Dhaka (Bangladesh) are two of the world's most polluted cities, with persistently high levels of fine particulate matter...

Sleep-wake and circadian behavior in brain-specific sirtuin 1 knockout mice and effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in sleep regulation, but there have been a limited number of sleep studies related to SIRT1. We aim to determine the impacts of the brain-specific loss of SIRT1 on sleep and circadian rhythm. We first characterized cir...

AAPM Consensus Guidelines on Neuromodulation Technologies and Neurocomputer Interfaces for Pain Management and Functional Recovery

To provide an evidence-based framework for healthcare professionals to use neuromodulation technologies to restore neuromuscular function and relieve pain. An expert panel, convened by the American Academy of Pain Medicine Foundation, conducted a lit...

Development of Data-Driven Models for Just-in-Time Digital Self-Management Advice to Improve Physical Functioning in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Protocol for the e-cOAch Cross-Over Study

Clinical guidelines recommend a stepped-care strategy for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis that begins with nonoperative approaches, including education, pain medication, and self-care. However, the implementation of stepped-care remains lim...

Effects of incentive spirometer training on dyspnea and functional status in patients with long COVID

Since the emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has become a global pandemic, profoundly affecting public health and daily life. Many recovering individuals report persistent or recurrent symptoms-fatigue, palpitations, cognitive impai...

Evaluation of photobiomodulation therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A single-center prospective study

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is common, and non-hormonal treatment options are needed for women unsuitable for or reluctant to use estrogen therapy. To prospectively evaluate clinical outcomes and clinical improvement rates of photobiomo...

Multi-Component Functionalized Bifidobacterium Longum Hydrogel for Multi-Target Integrated Therapy of Colitis-Associated Anxiety and Depression

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are frequently accompanied by anxiety and depression, largely driven by perturbed gut-brain axis signaling. However, current oral therapies remain constrained by the spatial and functional separation between intesti...

Noninvasive and Objective Near Real-Time Detection of Pain Changes During Tonic Fluctuating Noxious Heat Stimulation

Chronic pain involves natural intensity fluctuations that patients cannot control, contributing to learned helplessness and functional impairment. Detecting spontaneous pain decreases could enable precisely timed interventions that enhance perceived...

Physical Inactivity as a Risk Factor for Neurodegeneration and Sports Medicine-based Recommendations

Brain aging, many neurological diseases, and glaucoma are associated with neurodegenerative processes of varying degrees. Regular physical activity is one of the most successful non-pharmacological interventions for prevention and treatment. The mech...

Preliminary Evidence of Changes in Diurnal Cortisol Following Exposure to a School-Based Curriculum Featuring Yoga and Mindfulness

Research and theory suggest that neuroendocrine functioning, such as diurnal cortisol rhythms, plays an important role in emotional development and expression, but that this functioning can be impacted under conditions of elevated stress. Although mi...

Cognition in the time of dysbiosis: Sleep disruption and the gut-brain dialogue

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of physiological and behavioral functions, including cognition. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in microbial composition can disrupt memory processes, in part through bidirection...

Early Self-Efficacy Predicts Short- and Long-Term Pain and Functional Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Fracture

The aim of this study was to identify which early psychosocial measures are most predictive of pain severity, pain interference, physical function and chronic pain throughout recovery from lower extremity fractures (LEF). Prospective Cohort Study. Le...

Effects of repeated low-dose LSD on neuropsychological functioning in adults with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heterogeneity in symptoms and cognitive deficits. According to the Triple Pathway Model, this variability may stem from impairments in three neuropsychological domains: inhibition, mot...

Locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system dysfunction: A new concept in cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases

The role of the locus coeruleus in aging and neurodegenerative diseases has recently attracted attention. There is growing evidence of changes in the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including increased t...

Near-Infrared and Red-Light Photobiomodulation for Ocular Aging and Diseases: A Narrative Review

Near-infrared (NIR) and red light photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained increasing interest as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for a variety of medical conditions including ocular diseases. The eye represents a particularly suitable target for ligh...

Nutrition and Human Performance in Military Aviation: A Narrative Review

Military aviation imposes physiological and cognitive demands that make nutrition relevant to flight safety, mission performance, aeromedical readiness, and Force Health Protection. Aircrew operate under stressors including hypoxia, high +Gz exposure...

Rethinking EEG biomarkers of brain disorders: a transdiagnostic dimensional view

Developing clinically useful brain-based biomarkers remains a central challenge in translational psychiatry and neurology. Traditional approaches focusing on disorder-specific signals have shown limited clinical utility. EEG, a scalable and non-invas...

Exploring quality of life and physical-physiological characteristics in obese patients with and without lipedema: insights from the LipObes study

Lipedema is a prevalent chronic condition in women, characterized by a painful and symmetrical accumulation of adipose tissue primarily in the lower limbs. Its diagnosis is based on specific clinical characteristics; however, these characteristics la...

Interhemispheric Metabolic Effects of Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex

Photobiomodulation is the use of low-power, non-ionizing light to stimulate cellular processes. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a method for prefrontal photobiomodulation that produces dose-dependent metabolic effects in vivo....

Multisite Chronic Pain Reveals Neuro-Immune-Metabolic Dysregulation across Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depression

Multisite chronic pain (MCP) frequently co-occurs with immune and depressive disorders, yet whether it reflects coordinated cross-domain multi-omic dysregulation remains unknown. Using UK Biobank data (19,484 baseline participants; 32,870 to 399,476...

Pain Catastrophizing Improves After Total Knee Arthroplasty, But Still Has a Negative Effect on Outcomes in Japanese Patients

Preoperative pain catastrophizing has been reported to influence postoperative outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known about how catastrophizing changes after surgery. This study assessed the longitudinal changes in pain c...

PARP1 rewires neuroinflammatory and redox metabolism associated with reactive neuroglia in neuropathic pain

Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction are co-dependent drivers of neuropathic pain, jointly sustaining reactive gliosis and spinal sensitization. The interplay among neuroinflammation, redox imbalance, and metabolic reprogramm...

Stellate ganglion block attenuates gut barrier injury in sleep-deprived rats in a gut microbiota-dependent manner

Patients with sleep disorders often suffer from gastrointestinal diseases such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, which severely affect their quality of life. Therefore, identifying interventions to mitigate sleep deprivation (SD)-induced intestinal bar...

Sweat-based electrochemical wearable biosensors for sports performance and fatigue monitoring: from laboratory prototypes to field deployment

Wearable biosensing technologies are advancing sports performance monitoring by enabling the continuous and real-time measurement of physiological and biochemical parameters. Among non-invasive biofluids, sweat has become the most widely studied medi...

The infraslow fluctuation of sigma power during sleep and its links to markers of arousal and memory reactivation across development

Sleep is both a state of disconnection from the environment and a critical period for restoration. But how does sleep balance responsiveness with the protection of key functions? The infraslow fluctuation of sigma power (ISFS)-the clustering of sleep...

Wearable Eye Patch Paper Biosensor for Sensitive Dual-Modal Quantification of Cortisol and Dehydroepiandrosterone in Human Tear: A Noninvasive Point-of-Care Depression Screening

Depression, a pervasive mental disorder, imposes a substantial global health and economic burden. Existing diagnostic practices rely heavily on subjective clinical interviews and rating scales, lacking an objective, rapid, and early screening approac...

Associations Between Football-Related Exposures, Head Injury, Tinnitus, and Neuropsychological Health Outcomes Among Professional American-Style Football Players

Auditory dysfunction such as tinnitus is a common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and has been associated with neurobehavioral outcomes, including cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety. Few studies have examined associations between co...

Auditory cueing modulates motor performance and brain activity in early Parkinson's disease-a kinematic and fMRI study

Cues are specific references that support motor performance by improving speed, timing, and amplitude while reducing variability. This study aimed at investigating the effects of external auditory cueing on bradykinesia-related kinematic deficits and...

Brain-heart interactions underlying differential recovery after transient systemic anoxia

Global cerebral anoxia is a leading cause of death and resuscitated patients often remain persistently affected by neurological deficits. While previous studies suggest that brain-heart electrophysiological interactions may predict severity and progn...

Comprehensive review on the benefits and physiological basis of yoga

Yoga is widely considered as a method to improve psychological and physiological status of humans. A review is done about the benefits of yoga from the literature in modern medicine. The common benefits are in physical fitness, mental state, attentio...

Early sensory deprivation drives local reorganization of sensory integration within a conserved global hierarchy

The human brain processes sensory information through a hierarchical system, from primary to higher-level regions, integrating inputs across modalities to support perception and cognition. While early sensory loss triggers widespread neuroplastic cha...

Postbiotic Lactobacillus reuteri LRE02 Enriched with Sodium Selenite Demonstrates Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Mice

Postbiotics, including inactivated microorganisms and their bioactive components, have emerged as innovative candidates for microbiota-targeted therapies. Among them, Lactobacillus reuteri-derived postbiotics represent a promising and underexplored s...

Short-term heat therapy enhances heart thermotolerance: Cyclic thermal stress reveals adaptive resilience in cardiac function

Short-term heat therapy is emerging as a promising non-pharmacological strategy to enhance cardiovascular resilience, yet its effects on intrinsic cardiac thermotolerance remain unclear. This study investigated whether 5 or 10 days of hot-water immer...

Targeting the gut-brain axis: probiotic intervention alleviates depressive-like behaviors and social deficit after cranial irradiation

Cranial radiotherapy adversely impacts mental health, often leading to neuropsychiatric sequelae such as depressive-like behaviors and social impairment. Although the hippocampus and the gut-brain axis are critically involved in this process, the spe...

Associations of genetic and non-genetic cardiovascular health metrics with coronary artery disease incidence in cancer survivors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading threat to long-term health in cancer survivors. This study aimed to evaluate whether integrating genetic risk with the composite cardiovascular health metric, the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, can improve p...

Impaired sleep resilience underlies transient neural instability in insomnia disorder

This study quantified sleep resilience in insomnia disorder (ID) by examining the brain's ability to resist, contain, and recover from auditory perturbations during nocturnal sleep. 58 ID patients and 43 healthy controls underwent real-time staged no...

Protocol for a qualitative mechanistic study of MDMA with a sample of psychoanalytic psychotherapists: A phenomenological investigation

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) is a potentially transformative intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite encouraging Phase III trial results, the psychological mechanisms underpinning MDMA'...

Understanding Motor Adaptation in the Transition to Sustained Pain: Protocol for a Longitudinal Experimental Study

Chronic pain affects over 30% of the global population and remains a major public health issue due to limited treatment efficacy and the need for mechanism-based, personalized approaches. Motor behavior is theorized to play a role in pain persistence...

Cold-Induced Symptoms in a Young Female: A Perioperative Case of Cold Urticaria for Gynecologic Surgery-A Case Report

Cold urticaria is a rare subtype of chronic inducible urticaria that is associated with the development of localized or systemic symptoms following exposure to cold stimuli. Although considered benign, it may be associated with severe reactions, incl...

Effect of the active cycle breathing technique on pain, anxiety and arterial blood oxygen saturation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Addressing pain and anxiety after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is essential. This research evaluates the associations between the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) and pain levels, anxiety, and blood oxygen saturation in patients r...

Effectiveness of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with lung cancer combined with moderate to severe COPD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe COPD by a randomized controlled trial protocol, and to explore the effect of preoperative pulmonary rehabi...

Exercise-Induced Autonomic and Cardio-Respiratory Stress at High Altitude in Leisure Athletes

Kolokas, Iraklis, Jenny Schlichtiger, Sara Jamali, Lina Kronschnabel, Paul Adam, Jeremias Götschke, Pontus Mertsch, Christian Goelz, Solveig Vieluf, and Stefan Brunner. Exercise-induced autonomic and cardio-respiratory stress at high altitude in...

Scaling up polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography to image the whole macaque brain

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a label-free imaging technique that exploits birefringence to visualize myelinated axons at micrometer resolution. However, serial PS-OCT imaging has been limited to small volumes, inclu...

Surgical management of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE): a structured narrative review with considerations on refractory status epilepticus (RSE)

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although medical management remains the cornerstone of treatment, selected patients may benefit from surgical or neu...

Alleviating effects of 2'-fucosyllactose combined with Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on loperamide-induced constipation and depressive-like behavior

Constipation as a public health issue impairs human health and quality of life, while current strategies against constipation often lead to adverse effects. This study evaluated the effects and underlying mechanism of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and Bi...

Efficacy of Adjunct PRObiotics as Compared to the Standard Care in Moderate Unipolar Depression Among Geriatric Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Multi-Center Trial (PRODG)

To evaluate the efficacy of adjunct probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum) alongside standard care compared to placebo in older adults with moderate unipolar depression. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-con...

Heat treatment combined with hybrid exercises retraining mitigates cellular markers of protein turnover after hindlimb suspension in male mice: A pilot study

Recent evidence suggests that heat treatment (HT) and resistance training can limit skeletal muscle mass loss during immobilization. However, the effects of repeated HT sessions combined with hybrid exercises (EX), which promote both endurance and re...

Neurofeedback as a non-pharmacological strategy for pain and gut-brain axis disorders: clinical relevance in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic conditions associated with gastrointestinal inflammation and a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations. While conventional treatments primarily addr...

Neurogenesis Leads Early Development in Zebrafish

Vertebrate early neurogenesis is a highly conserved process fundamental to brain function and the emergence of intelligence. However, the cellular dynamics bridging gastrulation and organogenesis remain elusive due to observational challenges. We dev...

NIH Funding for Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Specialties: Allocation and Alignment with US Disease Burden

National Institutes of Health (NIH) investment in artificial intelligence (AI) within surgical specialties is rapidly expanding, yet whether funding aligns with disease burden or reflects structural disparities remains unclear. Cross-sectional analys...

The association between slow wave activity and memory improvement following cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial​

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial explored (1) changes in memory performance and slow-wave activity (SWA) in older adults with insomnia disorder following cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and its component therap...

Zero burden multi night monitoring with AI enabled technology reduces obstructive sleep apnea misdiagnosis

Multi-night measurement of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using AI-enabled technologies could reduce misdiagnosis rates from night-to-night variation. However, prospective feasibility and effectiveness of multi-night assessment in clinical populations...

Advances in the application of photobiomodulation technology in spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system trauma that often leads to irreversible motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, posing significant challenges to both patients' quality of life and the public healthcare system. Photobiom...

Anxiolytic and sedative drugs: Sleep modulation and memory implications

Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes, particularly in memory consolidation, with Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep phases playing distinct roles. Different classes of anxiolytics and sedatives influence sle...

Dynamic relationship and pleiotropic loci of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with sleep traits

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 20-55% of individuals with ADHD experience concurrent sleep disturbances, yet the dynamic relationsh...

Monitoring physical activity by fitness tracking devices : Usage, acceptance and willingness to share data in patients with multiple sclerosis

Fitness tracking, facilitated by wearable devices, has emerged as a popular method for monitoring physical activity levels in the general population; however, its usage, acceptance and utility in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) remain un...

Remibrutinib impact on disease control, sleep, and quality of life: Analysis of phase 3 REMIX-1/2

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) substantially reduces patient quality of life (QoL); therefore, it is crucial to include QoL-related patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) when assessing treatment efficacy. To evaluate the impact of remibrutin...

Target-driven machine learning-enabled virtual screening (TAME-VS) enables prioritization of AKR1C3 inhibitors

Machine learning-guided virtual screening has the potential to accelerate early-stage drug discovery, but its practical utility is often limited by uncertain generalization to different chemical scaffolds and by insufficient prospective evaluation un...

The antidepressant effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation is not impacted by comorbid neurotic, stress-related or somatoform disorders

Depression is frequently accompanied by neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F4 diagnoses, ICD-10), which are linked to greater severity and poorer treatment outcomes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodul...

6'-Sialyllactose Combined with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 Relieves Constipation and Depression-like Behaviors Induced by Loperamide in Mice by Regulating the Gut-Brain Axis

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which impairs health and quality of life. This study evaluated the ameliorating effects and underlying mechanism of 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (BB12) on...

ActiTect: a generalizable machine learning pipeline for REM sleep behavior disorder screening through standardized actigraphy

Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a major prodromal marker of α-synucleinopathies, often preceding the clinical onset of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. While wrist-worn ac...

Acute Effects of Esketamine on the EEG Power Spectrum and Signal Complexity in Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study

Effective treatments for prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) remain limited. Grounded in the entropic brain hypothesis-that psychedelic agents facilitate consciousness recovery by increasing brain complexity-this study investigated esketamine...

Association of Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Trouble Sleeping With Survival Among US Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Few studies have explored the combined impact of physical activity (PA), sleep duration, and trouble sleeping on mortality outcomes in patients with cancer. We aimed to investigate the independent and combined prognostic effects of PA and sleep on mo...

Determinants of Delayed Recovery of Consciousness After Analgosedation Discontinuation in the ICU: Insights From Patients With COVID-19 Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Prolonged disorders of consciousness are common in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation and are often attributed to prolonged sedative exposure in the setting of decreased drug clearance and/or reduced metabolism. Here, in a large...

Dextromethorphan Beyond the Cough: Exploring Its Psychedelic Potential: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dextromethorphan (DXM), widely used as an over-the-counter antitussive in the United States, exhibits psychoactive effects at supratherapeutic levels that overlap with those of classic and dissociative psychedelics...

Efficacy and hematological markers of tDCS combined with aerobic exercise in improving executive function in patients with PSCI

This study investigated the effects of combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) on executive function and hematological markers in poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) patients. A total of 74 PSCI patients w...

Isolation of postnatal human neural stem cells

While it was once thought that neurogenesis is complete by birth, it is now apparent that the human brain continues to generate new neurons postnatally, at least into childhood. While much attention has been focused on postnatally-born neurons, their...

Liberation Playbook: Pain, Sedation, Sleep, and Mobility Led by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses

Mechanical ventilation is lifesaving yet harmful when paired with deep sedation and immobility. The ABCDEF, or intensive care unit liberation bundle (assessment and treatment of pain, spontaneous awakening and breathing trials, judicious choice of an...

Optimizing tDCS cognitive outcomes in schizophrenia: the role of dopaminergic tone and antipsychotic load

Working memory deficits are a central cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and a key therapeutic target. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a potential cognitive enhancer, yet considerable interindividual variability limit...

Psilocybin-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: A pilot trial

Psilocybin-assisted therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for major depressive disorder, but little attention has been paid to the psychotherapy that adjoins psilocybin. Providing an adjunctive psychotherapy that is manualized and evidence-bas...

The effect of the integrated stress response reduction intervention on cellular aging in middle-aged nurses: a pilot study

Nurses experience persistently high levels of occupational stress, which negatively impacts their health and the quality of patient care. Chronic psychological stress is closely linked to physiological dysregulation and cellular aging processes throu...

The "green exercise" paradox: Quantifying the estimated breakpoint of acute physiological perturbation from ambient PM2.5 in urban runners using wearable biosensors

Exercise in polluted urban environments creates a paradox: physical activity benefits health, yet elevated PM2.5 may simultaneously cause acute physiological perturbation. We conducted a prospective panel study of 72 runners in Nanchang, China, each...

An allelic series reveals the genetic requirement for Adnp in cortical neurogenesis and learning behavior

Transcriptional regulators and chromatin remodellers are among the most important risk gene categories across the genetic landscape of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor ADNP is prominently assoc...

Association between sleep EEG characteristics and early neurological improvement in patients with acute ischemic stroke

This study was to explore the correlation between macroscopic and microscopic sleep architectures and early neurological improvement (ENI) in acute ischemic stroke by utilizing polysomnography (PSG) for sleep monitoring. Acute ischemic stroke patient...

Concurrent Photobiomodulation by Dual-Wavelength (655 nm and 808 nm) Laser Exposure Promotes Accelerated Wound Healing

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive light therapy that penetrates deeper skin layers, using wavelengths such as near-infrared. Different wavelengths target specific cellular components and pathways, influencing wound healing. Light absorption b...

Early-life stress and adolescent circadian dysrhythmia drives unique behavioral and microbial profiles in rats

Early life adversity and circadian disruptions are known to impact neurodevelopment and physiology. This study investigated the effects of maternal separation (MS), adolescent circadian dysrhythmia, and their combination (double hit) on anxiety-like...

Efficacy of lemborexant on sleep quality and neurocognitive outcomes among hospital rotating shift workers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Rotating shift work affects circadian alignment and sleep continuity, resulting in cognitive impairment and low-grade systemic inflammation in healthcare professional. We assessed the effectiveness of lemborexant 5 mg (LEM5) on sleep, neurocog...

Feasibility and acceptability of a multi-level school-based intervention for adolescent mental health in Nepal: a mixed-methods study

Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage characterized by rapid biological, psychological, and social changes, that increase vulnerability to mental health issues. Nearly half of all mental health conditions have their onset during this period an...

Neuroelectrophysiological clinical exploration of reward expectation and sensitivity abnormalities in adolescent melancholic MDD

Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous, and melancholic MDD is featured by more severe symptoms and lower treatment response, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study included two experiments. Experiment 1...

Non-duality in brain and experience of advanced meditators-key role for intrinsic neural timescales

Distinguishing between self (internal) and environment (external) is fundamental to human experience, yet mind-body traditions describe non-dual states where this boundary dissolves. However, the neural basis of non-duality remains underexplored. We...

Pathological variants in HPDL cause collapse of the neuro-glial unit during human cortical maturation

Biallelic variants in HPDL cause a severe neurological disorder in childhood, but the mechanisms linking early developmental abnormalities to later cortical degeneration remain unclear. Here, using long-term iPSC-derived human cortical cultures deri...

Personalized Network-Guided Neuromodulation Enhances Human Working Memory

The next frontier in cognitive neuromodulation is defined by personalized and adaptive protocols, necessitating approaches tailored to individual functional neuroanatomy and brain-state fluctuations. Here, we introduce an adaptive neuromodulation fra...

Wearable physiological signals and relapse status during smoking cessation: a pilot study

Smoking cessation is often assessed using clinical and self-report measures that may not capture autonomic changes. Wearables allow continuous monitoring. Twenty-eight smokers underwent 10 days of monitoring of sleep duration, resting heart ra...

Beyond categorical boundaries: Common molecular and cellular pathways in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia

Historically, ASD and schizophrenia have been classified as two distinct disorders, one being a neurodevelopmental disorder and the other a psychotic disorder. Recent studies, however, suggest that there may be substantial overlap between these disor...

Effects of voluntary exercise, diet, and selenium on hypothalamic adult neurogenesis

Hypothalamic adult neurogenesis is implicated in energy homeostasis; however, the impact of physical exercise, particularly under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, on this process remains unclear. To address this, we subjected mice to short-term and lo...

Five Psychedelics, One Neural Signature — What Nature Medicine Found

Psilocybin, LSD, mescaline, DMT, and ayahuasca have wildly different chemistries. But a landmark Nature Medicine study found they all do the same thing to your brain.

Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives

The meningeal lymphatic system has recently emerged as a critical regulator of brain homeostasis, facilitating cerebrospinal fluid drainage, metabolic waste clearance, and immune cell trafficking. Accumulating evidence now implicates meningeal lympha...

Prefrontal cortical pathways mediating cognitive control enhancement from internal capsule stimulation

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the ventral internal capsule/ventral striatum (VCVS) is an effective treatment for several psychiatric disorders, but clinical responses often vary amongst patients likely due to an incomplete mechanis...

The interplay between microbiota and the gut-brain axis in treatment-resistant depression

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric condition, and many patients do not respond to standard antidepressant treatments, developing what is known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) encompas...

Changes in the Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy Between 2016 and 2022 in Northern Finland

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for depression. However, knowledge of changes in treatment numbers and the proportion of acute versus maintenance rTMS is lacking. This study aimed to examine the number of...

Combined effects of photobiomodulation and osteopathic manipulation on the physical performance of young adults subjected to exercise-induced muscle damage: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) and osteopathic manipulation (OM) on the physical performance of young adults subjected to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The study is a randomized, pla...

Electrophysiological Correlates of Reward Processing in the Human Ventral Tegmental Area

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is the principal source of dopaminergic input to the human prefrontal cortex and is hypothesised to play a central role in reward-based learning. However, direct electrophysiological evidence in humans has been lackin...

Mixed reality assisted target localization for transcranial magnetic stimulation navigation: a feasibility study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as a non-invasive neurostimulation technique, modulates neural activity by applying electromagnetic fields to specific areas of the brain. It is clinically used for several approved indications, including majo...

Patient perspectives on barriers to rTMS for peripartum depression

Peripartum depression (PPD) is often underdiagnosed and left untreated. PPD can negatively impact maternal health and child development and is associated with an increased risk of maternal suicide. Effective and safe treatments that are viewed as acc...

Psilocybin for the Aging Brain — UC Berkeley's PLASTICITY Study

The first neuroimaging study of psilocybin in adults over 60. UC Berkeley wants to know: can a single dose restore neuroplasticity in the aging brain?

Sodium Oxybate Alters Sleep Architecture and Reduces Emotional Selectivity in Memory-Related Responses

Sleep supports memory consolidation. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have been proposed to support, respectively, declarative memory consolidation and the integration of the memory affective dimension. Here, we used s...

Wearable In-Ear EEG: PEDOT-Leather Sensors for Comfortable Sleep Monitoring and Auditory Intervention

Accurate sleep assessment relies on the high-quality, long-term acquisition of physiological signals. However, traditional polysomnography (PSG) relies on cumbersome equipment with poor user comfort and often interferes with the user's sleep quality....

Aberrant chromatin remodeling influences human neural cell fate change in Trisomy 21

Correct neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate specification is essential to produce the full complement of neurons and glia needed for proper brain structure and function. Neurodevelopmental disorders, including the autosomal aneuploidy Down syndrome (DS...

Classic Psychedelics for Chronic Pain: A Critical Review of the Literature and Practical Advice for Clinicians

Chronic pain is common, costly, and for many, remains inadequately treated by existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches. In parallel with growing dissatisfaction with conventional therapies, classic serotonergic psychedelics, such as ps...

Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on gait and corticospinal plasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the main cause of neuromotor disorders in children and is frequently associated with altered corticospinal excitability, contributing to abnormal gait patterns that limit mobility and quality of life. Therefore, gait training i...

Your Gut Is a Remote Control for Memory — What a Nature Study Found

Age-related memory loss might not start in the brain. A landmark study in Nature traced it to gut microbiome changes that silence the vagus nerve — and showed how to turn it back on.

Novel Exercise-based Strategies for Lowering Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Above-normal blood pressure is the primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and rates of blood pressure control remain suboptimal. Aerobic and resistance exercise...

Prescribing bias and adverse outcomes of esketamine in major depression comorbid substance

Little is known about esketamine's effectiveness for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbid substance use disorders (SUD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, including adults aged &#x...

The Danish Region Midt Schizophrenia Cohort - Representative, long-term follow-up of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are complex illnesses influenced by genetic, biological and psycho-social factors, necessitating large clinical deep-phenotyped cohorts. Here, we describe the Region Midt Schizophrenia (RMS) Cohort, which aims t...

The entropic brain today

Introduced in 2014 and revised in 2018, the entropic brain hypothesis has accrued a wealth of supportive evidence. The hypothesis states that-along a dimension of the size of phenomenal consciousness-expansive states reliably exhibit increased brain...

Transcriptomic profiling of the human habenula reveals a shared molecular architecture across mood disorders

The habenula is a critical regulator of monoaminergic and reward circuitry and is increasingly implicated in the neurobiology of mood disorders. Preclinical studies demonstrate that habenula hyperactivity drives depressive-like behaviours and can be...

Advances in the management of ADHD in children and adolescents

This review synthesizes evidence on managing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, focusing on studies published between 2019 and 2025. Recent research supports a dimensional, pleiotropic model of ADHD character...

Benchmarking machine learning architectures for menstrual recovery prediction using physiologically informed synthetic wearable data

Secondary amenorrhea is a heterogeneous condition with implications for reproductive, cardiovascular, and bone health. Existing machine learning approaches in menstrual health focus on cycle prediction rather than recovery modeling in pathological co...

Changes in anxiety, quality of life, and functioning following psilocybin-assisted therapy in veterans with treatment-resistant depression

Psilocybin has demonstrated promise for improving depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression, but its effects on anxiety, quality of life, functioning, and posttraumatic stress symptoms are less well studied. This study reports exploratory...

Chronic REM Sleep Deprivation Induces Metabolic and Neurotoxic Alterations Associated with Affective and Cognitive Deficit in Male Wistar Rats: Involvement of HPA Axis, Cholinergic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Pathways

Diabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by increased blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, utilization, or both. Sleep deprivation (SD) can alter homeostasis, while the consequences of diabetes can disrupt sleep ho...

Combining Behavioral Activation and repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation in Late-Life Depression (COMBAT-LLD study): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Late-life depression (LLD) is common and associated with reduced quality of life, increased cognitive impairment, elevated mortality risk, and substantial healthcare costs. Despite available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, a substan...

Comparing transcranial magnetic stimulation and esketamine treatment response trajectories in resistant depression

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intranasal esketamine are FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet comparative real-world data on response trajectories and predictors of outcomes remain limited. A retrospecti...

Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation or combined vagal and trigeminal nerve stimulation on platelet function and laboratory hemostasis parameters in healthy human subjects

Traumatic or surgical hemorrhage causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces traumatic hemorrhage in animal models. VNS targets acetylcholine-producing T lymphocytes in the spleen to increase intracell...

How Standardized is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment for Depression? Large-Cohort Modeling Reveals Systematic Dosimetric Variability

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely utilized, non-invasive brain stimulation technique for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders worldwide. The efficacy of rTMS is influenced by individual head morphology, which...

Impact of IV metoclopramide + diphenhydramine on post-concussion symptoms. A secondary analysis of data from an ED-based randomized study

In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, intravenous metoclopramide 20 mg + diphenhydramine 25 mg (M+D) improved post-concussion symptoms 1 h later among patients seeking care in an emergency department (ED) following he...

Integrated electrophysiological, cellular, and pharmacological profiling reveals variant-specific mechanisms in SCN4A-related myotonia

Non-dystrophic myotonias are rare skeletal muscle channelopathies characterized by delayed muscle relaxation and clinical stiffness. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying three missense variants in SCN4A encoding for the voltage...

IUPHAR review. Gut Microbial Metabolites as Remote Regulators of Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disease

The gut-brain axis has emerged as a fundamental pathway through which gut-derived microbial metabolites exert remote control over brain development, neural circuit function and behavior. This Review synthesizes evidence that key microbial metabolites...

Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) Extract Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Mood Disturbances by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Modulating the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice

Chronic stress is a major contributor to mood disturbances through dysregulation of the gut-brain axis and neuroinflammatory responses. Lilium davidii var. unicolor (Lanzhou lily), a traditional medicinal and edible plant, contains bioactive compound...

Living through medical traumatic stress: children's voices in a qualitative study

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of children who have undergone traumatic medical interventions, focusing on their emotional, behavioral, and psychosocial responses. A descriptive thematic qualitative design was employed. Semi-struct...

Machine learning model to identify gut microbiome-derived metabolites as potential biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) arises from complex and not yet completely understood interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Alongside known hallmarks of neurobiological and structural changes in ASD brain, alterations in gut microbio...

Metabolic engineering strategies for neuroactive postbiotic production: Current progress and perspectives

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication network regulated in part by gut microbial metabolites that influence neurological, metabolic, and behavioral functions. Among these metabolites, neuroactive postbiotics such as γ-aminob...

Prenatal assembly of functional cortical circuits

The extent to which early brain maturation requires interactions with the outside world is a central question in neurobiology. Because much of cortical maturation occurs after birth in Mus, it has often been viewed as dependent on postnatal experienc...

Prescribing Green Dose for College Students' Mental Health: Identifying Thresholds for Green Space Exposure Duration, Frequency, and Cumulative Dose via Smartwatch

College students face increasing mental health challenges, including elevated stress and poor sleep quality. Exposure to natural environments has been associated with psychological and physiological benefits, yet the multidimensional relationships be...

Priorities for psychedelic research among people who use psychedelics

Most academic psychedelic research is clinically oriented, with industry research primarily focusing on the medicalization of these substances. Given the rapid policy changes and the surge in interest among researchers and the public, it is imperativ...

Superfast VNS Titration for the Treatment of SRSE in the Acute Phase of FIRES: A Pediatric Case Report and Literature Review

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare and severe epileptic encephalopathy that predominantly affects children, characterized by the sudden onset of superrefractory status epilepticus (SRSE) following a febrile infection. The m...

The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (tPBM) and transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on reducing alcohol craving

Alcohol craving plays a central role in sustaining alcohol use and contributing to relapse. Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may target craving-re...

The protective effect of cutaneous vagus nerve stimulation from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major source of morbidity and mortality among premature infants. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has proven anti-inflammatory effects. Animal studies indicate that vagus nerve activity may dampen NEC inflammation. W...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Stimulation magnétique transcrânienne dans les cas de dépression bipolaire : une revue systématique et une méta-analyse d'essais contrôlés à répartition aléatoire

IntroductionBipolar depression is disabling and often inadequately responsive to medication alone. The current efficacy evidence of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for bipolar depression is conflicting. Therefore, we synthesized randomized co...

Voluntary running exercise is associated with metabolic shifts linked to adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a metabolically demanding process requiring tight coordination between energy production and biosynthetic flux. Although voluntary running is a potent stimulus for this plasticity, the metabolic landscape sustaining...

Your Brain Has Stable States Separated by Chaos — And That's the Point

A week-long brain imaging study reveals something practitioners have always felt: your brain cycles between stable states, and the transitions between them are messy. That mess is the mechanism.

Float Tanks for Meth Recovery — First Pilot Data

Methamphetamine use disorder has no FDA-approved medications. A pilot study tests whether float tanks — yes, float tanks — could help. The logic is better than you'd think.

Psilocybin for Veterans With Treatment-Resistant Depression — New Data

Veterans who failed every standard treatment showed reduced anxiety, improved quality of life, and restored daily functioning after psilocybin-assisted therapy. This isn't the same old depression study.

Slow Breathing Before Bed — A Systematic Review of 9 Studies

Does slow breathing actually help you sleep? A new systematic review says yes — with a catch. Subjective sleep improves. Objective sleep? The data's a mess.

$400 Million to Map the Cells That Break — Allen Institute Launches Brain Health Accelerator

The Allen Institute just committed $400 million to identify the exact brain cells and circuits that fail in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and Huntington's — with the goal of building targeted genetic therapies within the decade.

Deep Brain Stimulation Physically Rewires the Brain — First Direct Evidence

A landmark Nature Neuroscience study shows that deep brain stimulation doesn't just alter electrical activity — it physically rebuilds white matter pathways in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

The White House Just Fast-Tracked Psychedelic Therapy — Here's What Actually Changed

An April 2026 executive order directed the FDA to prioritize psychedelic-assisted therapy for PTSD and depression. Psilocybin is now on track for potential approval by early 2027. Here's what's real and what's still uncertain.

Nerve Damage May Be Reversible — Organoid Study Identifies Regrowth Gene Network

Scientists using lab-grown brain-and-spinal-cord organoids have identified a gene network that can reactivate nerve fiber regrowth — challenging the long-held assumption that nerve damage in the central nervous system is permanent.

Meditation Physically Changes Your Brain — Here's the Proof

MRI scans show that regular meditators have measurably thicker cortices, larger hippocampi, and smaller amygdalae. The question is no longer whether meditation changes the brain. It's how much.

Float Tanks — What Happens When You Remove Every Stimulus

Sensory deprivation chambers were once a Cold War curiosity. Now they're one of the most intriguing interventions for anxiety, chronic pain, and nervous system dysregulation.

Red Light Therapy — Which Wavelengths Actually Do Something

The $1.6 billion red light therapy industry runs on bold claims. But photobiomodulation is real science — certain wavelengths genuinely affect mitochondrial function. Here's what the evidence shows.

Breathwork and Heart Rate Variability — The Evidence

Does breathing really change your nervous system? Yes. Here's exactly what the research says about how different breathing patterns affect your heart rate variability.

Exercise vs. Antidepressants — The Head-to-Head Data

In multiple controlled trials, structured exercise has matched or exceeded antidepressant medication for mild-to-moderate depression. The data is stronger than most people realize — and more uncomfortable.

Fasting, Autophagy, and the Brain — What We Know and What We Don't

Your cells have a built-in recycling system that activates when you stop eating. The neuroscience of fasting is real — but the timeline is more complicated than the influencers suggest.

Infrared Saunas — What the Temperature Actually Does to You

Traditional saunas have decades of cardiovascular data. Infrared saunas are newer, cooler, and more comfortable. But do they produce the same benefits? The evidence is more nuanced than the marketing.

Emerging Research Fellowships in Pain Science & Neuroscience

A curated list of fellowships and early-career grants for researchers working in pain science, nervous system health, and related fields.